目的 探究豫东农村汉族儿童青春期前骨密度现状及其影响因素,为农村儿童体质健康发展提供参考。方法 2023年7—9月,采用分层随机抽样法在豫东农村地区12所小学选取318名青春期前的汉族儿童为观察对象,测量其全身骨密度(除头部)和日常身体活动情况,采用问卷调查和电话访谈相结合的方法对观察对象进行信息收集。结果 儿童骨密度在年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、父母一方最高受教育程度、家庭体育支持情况、是否独生子女和是否留守儿童分组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关分析结果显示观察对象骨密度与中高强度身体活动时间呈正相关且有统计学意义(r=0.890,P=0.033);多元线性回归分析结果显示年龄、BMI、父母一方的最高受教育程度、家庭体育支持情况、是否独生子女、否留守儿童和中高强度身体活动时间均是影响观察对象骨密度的因素(P<0.05)。其影响程度从大到小依次是是否留守儿童(β=1.05)、中高强度身体活动时间(β=0.91)、是否独生子女(β=-0.74)、父母一方的最高受教育程度(β=-0.52)、BMI(β=-0.51)、年龄(β=0.39)和家庭体育支持情况(β=-0.25)。结论 培养农村居民的健康素养,关爱留守儿童,提升农村儿童体育活动的支持力度,适当延长中高强度身体活动时间,是提高青春期前农村儿童骨密度的重要途径。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current status of bone density in prepubescent Han children in rural areas of East Henan and to explore the influencing factors, in order to provide reference for the development of physical health of rural children. Methods From July to September 2023, 318 prepubescent Han children from 12 primary schools in rural East Henan were randomly selected as subjects by stratified sampling. Their whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) (excluding the head) and daily physical activity levels were measured. Information was collected by means of questionnaire survey and telephone interview. Results Significant differences in bone density were observed among subjects based on age, body mass index (BMI), the highest educational attainment of one parent, family support for sports, whether they were an only child, and whether they were left-behind children (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between BMD and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (r=0.890, P=0.033). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that age, BMI, the highest educational attainment of one parent, family support for sports, being an only child, being a left-behind child, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time were all factors affecting bone density (P <0.05). The explanatory power from greatest to least was being a left-behind child (β=1.05), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (β=0.91), being an only child (β=-0.74), the highest education level of one parent (β=-0.52),BMI (β=-0.51), age (β=0.39) and family support for sports (β=-0.25). Conclusion Cultivating health literacy among rural residents, caring for left-behind children, enhancing support for physical activities among rural children, and appropriately extending the duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are important approaches to improving BMD of prepubescent children in rural areas.
关键词
豫东农村 /
汉族儿童 /
青春期前 /
骨密度
Key words
rural area of eastern Henan province /
Han children /
prepuberty /
bone mineral density
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基金
河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究一般项目(2024-ZDJH-530)
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