目的 了解西安市某区6~36月龄婴幼儿神经心理发育状况及不同性别间的发育差异,为促进婴幼儿健康成长提供科学依据。方法 采用首都儿科研究所编制的《0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表》对2017年1月—2023年11月就诊于西安医学院第二附属医院儿童保健科门诊的13 620名婴幼儿进行大运动、精细运动、适应能力、语言、社会行为5个能区评估,按照月龄、性别分组对其各能区及发育商、智龄进行统计分析。结果 各月龄组发育得分在88.10~93.90之间,其中6~<8月龄得分最高(93.90)。随着月龄增长,发育商低下检出率由0.2%上升到8.3%(χ2=592.89,P＜0.001)。各月龄组智龄及各能区所达月龄均低于实际月龄(t=-22.55～-113.48,P＜0.001),智龄差值由0.47增大至3.57。除6~＜8月龄组外,其余各月龄组男童发育商正常检出率均低于女童(χ2=19.65~62.98,P＜0.05);除6~＜8月龄组大运动、适应能力、语言和智龄及8~23月龄大运动和适应能力外,其余不同月龄段男童各能区所达月龄及智龄均低于女童(P＜0.05)。结论 西安市东郊地区婴幼儿神经心理发育水平较落后,应加强学习改进早期保健模式;应对不同性别不同月龄婴幼儿神经心理发育水平进行分别评价。
Abstract
Objective To assess neuropsychological development status and gender-based developmental differences in infants aged 6 - 36 months in Xi′an, in order to provide scientific evidence for promoting healthy child development. Methods Using the "Neuropsychological Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 Years" developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 13 620 infants who visited the Child Healthcare Clinic of Xi′an Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital from January 2017 to November 2023 were assessed.Assessments covered five domains: gross motor, fine motor, adaptive ability, language, and social behavior.Developmental quotients (DQ) and mental ages were statistically analyzed by age and gender groups. Results DQ scores across age groups ranged from 88.10 to 93.90, with the highest score observed in 6 -<8 month old group (93.90).The detection rate of low DQ increased from 0.2% to 8.3% with age (χ2=592.89, P<0.001).Achieved mental ages and domain-specific developmental levels were consistently below chronological ages (t=-22.55 to -113.48, P<0.001), with the mental age gap widening from 0.47 to 3.57 months.Except for the 6 -<8 month group, boys showed lower normal DQ detection rates than girls across all age groups (χ2=19.65 - 62.98, P<0.05).With few exceptions, boys demonstrated lower achieved mental ages and domain-specific developmental levels than girls (P<0.05). Conclusions Neuropsychological development levels in infants from eastern Xi′an are suboptimal, suggesting the need for improved early healthcare models.Gender- and age-specific developmental evaluations should be implemented.
关键词
6~36月龄婴幼儿 /
神经心理发育 /
发育评估 /
性别
Key words
infants aged 6 - 36 months /
neuropsychological development /
developmental assessment /
gender
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