目的 探讨学龄前儿童情绪行为问题及其与家庭因素之间的相关性,为其情绪行为问题早期预防提供依据。方法 2023年3—6月采用整群抽样方法,选取北京市海淀区10所幼儿园中912名3～6岁学龄前儿童,采用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)评估儿童情绪行为问题,并使用12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)评估家长心理健康状态,家长教养压力简表(PSI/SF)评估家长教养压力。应用χ2检验比较儿童情绪行为问题检出率的差异,多变量Logistic回归分析探讨儿童情绪行为问题与家长心理健康状态及教养压力之间的相关性。构建结构方程模型,检验家长教养压力在家长心理健康状态对儿童情绪行为问题的影响中的中介效应。结果 北京市海淀区学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的检出率为19.0%(173/912),不同生活行为特征和社会经济状况的儿童情绪行为问题的检出率不同;家长心理健康状态不良和家长教养压力增高的检出率分别为18.0%(164/912)和20.0%(182/912);家长心理健康状态不良(OR=2.73,P＜0.001)和家长教养压力增高(OR=6.62,P＜0.001)与儿童情绪行为问题的风险增加有关。家长心理健康状态可以通过家长教养压力对儿童情绪行为问题产生影响(β=0.25,P＜0.001)。结论 家长心理健康状态不良和家长教养压力增高与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题有关。早期识别并干预家长心理健康问题,缓解家长教养压力对预防学龄前儿童情绪行为问题有积极意义。
Abstract
Objective To explore the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children and their correlation with family factors, in order to provide a basis for early prevention of such problems. Methods From March to June 2023, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select 912 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from 10 kindergartens in Haidian District, Beijing. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess children's emotional and behavioral problems, while the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was employed to evaluate parents' mental health status, and the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI/SF) was used to assess parenting stress. The χ2 test was applied to compare differences in the detection rates of children's emotional and behavioral problems. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation of children's emotional and behavioral problems with parents' mental health status and parenting stress. A structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect of parenting stress on the influence of parents' mental health status on children's emotional and behavioral problems. Results The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children in Haidian District, Beijing, was 19.0% (173/912), with varying detection rates among children with different living and behavioral characteristics and socioeconomic status. The detection rates of poor mental health status and increased parenting stress among parents were 18.0%(164/912) and 20.0%(182/912), respectively. Poor mental health status of parents (OR=2.73, P<0.001) and increased parenting stress (OR=6.62, P<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in children. Parents' mental health status could influence children's emotional and behavioral problems through parenting stress (β=0.25, P<0.001). Conclusion Poor mental health status of parents and increased parenting stress are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Early identification and intervention in parents' mental health issues and relief of parenting stress have positive implications for the prevention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.
关键词
心理健康 /
教养压力 /
情绪行为问题 /
学龄前儿童 /
家长
Key words
mental health /
parenting stress /
emotional and behavioral problems /
preschool children /
parents
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