目的 了解四川省农村脱贫地区学龄前儿童营养状况,探索其与抚养人营养知信行的相关性。方法 利用联合国世界粮食计划署(WFP)“四川学龄前儿童营养改善试点项目”资料,于2021年12月—2022年5月对来自四川省脱贫地区旺苍县的180名学龄前儿童及其抚养人进行基线调查,采用 2006 年世界卫生组织(WHO)生长发育评价标准进行评价。采用 t 检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析、logistic 回归分析等方法进行统计分析。结果 调查儿童蛋白质-能量营养不良患病率为20.0%(36/180),其中生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦检出率分别为15.0%(27/180)、7.8%(14/180)和4.4%(8/180)。儿童抚养人营养知识得分偏低,为(8.95±3.01)分,及格率为29.4%(53/180); 营养态度得分较高,为(26.80±4.67)分; 营养行为得分一般,为(5.14±1.36)分。抚养人营养行为得分与儿童蛋白质-能量营养不良检出率呈负相关(OR=0.72,95%CI: 0.53～0.97)。结论 四川省脱贫地区学龄前儿童蛋白质-能量营养不良患病率高,其抚养人营养知识水平低,改善儿童抚养人的营养行为可降低儿童营养不良风险。需针对当地儿童抚养人特点开展营养健康宣教,引导并改善抚养人营养行为,改善学龄前儿童营养状况。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the nutritional status of preschool children in rural poverty-alleviated areas of Sichuan Province, and to explore its correlation with caregivers' nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices(KAP). Methods Data from the "Nutrition Improvement Pilot Project for Preschool Children in Sichuan" by the United Nations World Food Programme(WFP) were utilized. From December 2021 to May 2022, a baseline survey was conducted among 180 preschool children and their caregivers from Wangcang County, a poverty-alleviated area in Sichuan Province. The 2006 World Health Organization(WHO) growth and development evaluation criteria were used for assessment. Statistical analysis were performed using t-tests, χ2 tests, Pearson correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and other methods. Results The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among the surveyed children was 20.0%(36/180), with rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting being 15.0%(27/180), 7.8%(14/180) and 4.4%(8/180), respectively. The caregivers scored low on nutrition knowledge, with an average score of 8.95±3.01 and a passing rate of 29.4%(53/180). They scored higher on nutrition attitudes, with an average score of 26.80±4.67, and scored moderately on nutrition practices, with an average score of 5.14±1.36. There was a negative correlation between caregivers' nutrition practice scores and the detection rate of protein-energy malnutrition in children(OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.53 - 0.97). Conclusions The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition is high among preschool children in poverty-alleviated areas of Sichuan Province, and their caregivers have low levels of nutrition knowledge. Improving caregivers' nutrition practices can reduce the risk of malnutrition in children. Nutrition and health education tailored to the characteristics of local caregivers is needed to guide and improve their nutrition practices and enhance the nutritional status of preschool children.
关键词
营养不良 /
抚养人 /
营养知信行 /
相关性 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
malnutrition /
caregivers /
nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice /
correlation /
preschool children
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基金
四川省卫生信息学会年度申报项目(2022030);四川中医药发展研究中心青年项目(STDQN202404);四川省医学会青年创新项目(Q2024060)
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