目的 对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)家庭早期干预研究进行范围综述,明确家庭早期干预要素,为临床实践提供参考。方法 系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、WOS、Cochrane Library、SinoMed、中国知网、万方医学数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库,检索时限从建库至2024年2月。结果 共纳入14篇文献。大部分研究基于结构化训练方法、家庭早期干预丹佛模式、图片沟通交换系统等模式进行干预;干预方法包括线上指导、亲子游戏互动、自然情景干预等;干预时长多为3～4个月;结局指标包括患儿症状评估、能力评估及家长评估。结果显示,通过家庭早期干预能够提升患儿技能发展和家长心理状态,但存在干预强度、指标、完成度不一等问题。结论 ASD家庭早期干预研究仍处于发展阶段,未来应完善评价体系、加大干预强度、依托互联网技术,制订科学有效的家庭干预方案。
Abstract
Objective To conduct a scoping review of family-based early intervention studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to determine the essential components of early family interventions, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods A systematic search was performed across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, WOS, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Medical Database, and VIP Information Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, with the time span ranging from database inception to February 2024. Results Fourteen articles were included in the synthesis. Predominantly, interventions were grounded in structured training methodologies, the Denver Model of Early Intervention, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Intervention strategies encompassed online guidance, parent-child play interactions, and naturalistic scenario interventions. The duration of interventions typically spanned three to four months. Outcome measures entailed assessments of the child's symptoms, abilities, and parental evaluations. Findings indicated that family-based early interventions facilitated skill development in children with ASD and improved parental psychological well-being; however, inconsistencies in intervention intensity, evaluation metrics, and completion rates were evident. Conclusions Research on family-based early interventions for ASD is still evolving. Future endeavors should focus on refining assessment frameworks, intensifying intervention efforts, leveraging internet technologies, and devising scientifically sound and efficacious family intervention protocols.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
家庭早期干预 /
范围综述
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
family early intervention /
scoping review
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基金
河南中医药大学2023年度研究生科研创新类项目(2023KYCX069)
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