目的 了解北京市青少年生存质量现况,探索健康认知、健康行为对生存质量的影响,为提升其生存质量提供依据。方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2020年4—5月在北京市随机抽取10~19岁青少年,采用现况调查法调查其基本情况、生存质量、健康认知、健康行为等情况,通过多元线性回归分析探索青少年生存质量的影响因素。结果 在6 098份有效问卷中,生存质量平均分为88.15±13.26,生理功能、情感功能、社会功能和学校功能4个维度的平均分分别为89.46±13.93、84.49±20.45、91.60±14.87和86.26±15.27,女生各维度平均分低于男生,普高生各维度平均分低于小学、初中和职高生(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,对健康食品(β=-0.06)、健康饮品(β=-0.05)、伤害事件风险评估(β=-0.05)和应急处理(β=-0.03,P=0.018)的认知错误,以及在饮食结构不合理(β=-0.03)、个人卫生习惯差(β=-0.11)、睡眠时长不充足(β=-0.09)与青少年生存质量得分呈负相关、无吸烟经历(β=0.07)与青少年生存质量得分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 北京市青少年生存质量相对较高,并受到多种健康认知、健康行为因素的影响,需要探索适合青少年的干预模式以更进一步提高其生存质量。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the status of quality of life among adolescents in Beijing, and to analyze its correlation with healthy knowledge and healthy behavior, in order to provide reference for improving their quality of life. Methods Adolescents aged 10 - 19 in Beijing participated in the survey from April to May, 2020 after multistage cluster sampling. Based on field survey, data on basic information, quality of life, healthy knowledge and healthy behavior were collected. Influencing factors for quality of life in adolescents were determined through multiple linear regression analysis. Results In 6 098 valid questionnaires, the mean score of quality of life was 88.15±13.26, and those of four dimensions named physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning and school functioning were 89.46±13.93, 84.49±20.45, 91.60±14.87, 86.26±15.27, respectively. All of the mean scores of four dimensions in female were significantly lower than those in male, and which in general high school students were also significantly lower than those in primary, middle and vocational high school students (P＜0.05). Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that wrong knowledge about healthy food (β=-0.06) and drink (β=-0.05), and risk assessment (β=-0.05) and emergency treatment (β=-0.03) for injuries, as well as the inappropriate eating habits (β=-0.03), hygiene practice (β=-0.11), and inadequate sleeping duration (β=-0.09) had negative effect on quality of life among adolescents in Beijing, while non-experience of smoking (β=0.07) had positive effect on quality of life(P＜0.05). Conclusions Adolescents in Beijing have higher quality of life than the others, which might be influenced by healthy knowledge and healthy behavior. An effective model for intervention should be found to improve the quality of life of adolescents.
关键词
青少年 /
生存质量 /
健康认知 /
健康行为
Key words
adolescents /
quality of life /
healthy knowledge /
healthy behavior
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