目的 了解1～3岁儿童家庭养育环境与回应性照护的现况及相关性,为开展婴幼儿回应性照护指导服务提供理论依据。方法 2023年3—9月期间,采用横断面调查方式,对武汉市1～3岁儿童父母进行一般人口学资料及婴幼儿回应性照护调查,应用家庭养育环境量表、回应性照护评价量表评估婴幼儿的家庭养育环境及回应性照护状况,并分析相关影响因素。结果 共纳入244例儿童,其中男126例(51.6%)、女118例(48.4%),婴幼儿平均年龄为(2.52±0.71)岁。主要照顾者(F=18.705)、喂养方式(F=6.248)、医疗保险(F=54.252)、母亲文化程度(F=18.834)、父亲文化程度(F=33.149)、家庭户籍(t=11.363)、母亲全职工作(t=-5.394)、父母平均月收入(F=16.067)、夫妻关系(F=10.299)、子女数量(F=7.114)、家庭养育环境(t=6.521)对婴幼儿回应性照护能力差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。家庭养育环境与婴幼儿回应性照护能力呈显著正相关关系(r=0.422,P＜0.01)。线性回归分析显示,家庭养育环境中的语言认知(β=0.206,95%CI:0.06~1.20)和忽视惩罚维度(β=-0.117,95%CI:-0.86～-0.08)对婴幼儿回应性照护能力的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 家庭养育环境和婴幼儿回应性照护之间密切相关,儿科医疗保健人员应提高婴幼儿主要照顾者的回应性照护知识与技能,为婴幼儿构建良好的家庭养育环境,助力婴幼儿早期的发展。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current status and correlation of family rearing environments and responsive caregiving for children aged 1 to 3 years, in order to provide theoretical basis for the implementation of responsive caregiving guidance services for infants and young children. Methods From March to September 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children aged 1 - 3 years in Wuhan. General demographic information and responsive caregiving practices for infants and young children were collected. Child Home Nurture Environment Scale and the Responsive Caregiving Evaluation Scale were used to assess the family nurturing environments and responsive caregiving status of infants and young children. Relevant influencing factors were also analyzed. Results A total of 244 children were included, with 126 males (51.6%) and 118 females (48.4%). The mean age of the infants and young children was (2.52±0.71) years old. Statistically significant differences were found in responsive caregiving abilities across the following factors: Primary caregiver (F=18.705), feeding method (F=6.248), medical insurance status (F=54.252), maternal education level (F=18.834), paternal education level (F=33.149), family registration status (t=11.363), mother's full-time employment status (t=-5.394), average monthly income of parents (F=16.067), marital relationship (F=10.299), number of children (F=7.114), and family nurturing environment (t=6.521,P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between family nurturing environments and responsive caregiving abilities for infants and young children (r=0.422, P<0.01). Linear regression analysis revealed that the language and cognition dimension (β=0.206, 95%CI: 0.06 to 1.20) and the neglect and punishment dimension (β=-0.117, 95%CI: -0.86 to -0.08) in the family nurturing environment had statistically significant effects on responsive caregiving abilities (P<0.05). Conclusions There is a close relationship between family nurturing environments and responsive caregiving for infants and young children. Pediatric healthcare providers should enhance the knowledge and skills of primary caregivers in responsive caregiving, fostering optimal family nurturing environments to support early childhood development.
关键词
1～3岁儿童 /
家庭养育环境 /
回应性照护
Key words
children aged 1-3 years old /
family rearing environment /
responsive caregiving
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