目的 探究影响青少年近视患病情况的营养相关因素,为实现近视的一级预防提供参考依据。方法 2021年10月采用分层抽样的方法,抽取正定县青少年385人进行视力检测,体格检查及问卷调查(一般情况及膳食调查)。运用单因素分析及lasso回归筛选变量,Logistic回归探究近视可能的影响因素。因子分析对饮食模式进行提取,分析其与近视的关联性。结果 385名青少年近视患病率为68.6%。多因素分析发现进食油炸食品(OR=8.480, 95%CI:1.058~67.971)为近视的危险因素;摄入奶及奶制品(OR=0.994, 95%CI:0.991~0.999)、大豆及坚果(OR=0.997, 95%CI:0.994~0.999),父母双方均不近视(OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.115~0.845),每周4节体育课(OR=0.269, 95%CI:0.074~0.984)为近视的保护因素(P＜0.05)。因子分析共提取出3种饮食模式,分别是多样化、大豆杂粮及零食饮料饮食模式。Logistic分析发现大豆杂粮饮食模式对近视具有保护作用(OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.73～0.99, P＜0.05)。结论 石家庄市正定县青少年近视问题较为严峻。青少年应增加奶及奶制品、大豆及坚果的摄入量,减少油炸食品的摄入,调整整体的饮食结构,以预防近视的发生发展。
Abstract
Objective To analyze nutrition-related factors that affect the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, in order to provide reference for primary prevention of myopia. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 385 adolescents from Zhengding County in October 2021. Adolescents in this study took vision testing, physical examination and completed a questionnaire survey. One-way analysis of variance and lasso regression were used to screen the variables, and Logistic regression was used to determine the possible influencing factors of myopia. Factor analysis was adopted to extract the dietary patterns of adolescents in Zhengding County, then the association between dietary patterns and myopia was analyzed. Results A total of 385 adolescents were surveyed, with the prevalence rate of myopia of about 68.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that fried food(OR=8.480, 95%CI:1.058 - 67.971) was a risk factor for myopia, while intake of milk and dairy products(OR=0.994, 95%CI:0.991 - 0.999), soybeans and nuts(OR=0.997, 95%CI:0.994 - 0.999), no myopia in either parent(OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.115 - 0.845), physical education class 4 times per week(OR=0.269, 95%CI:0.074 - 0.984) were statistically associated with a lower risk of myopia(P＜0.05). Three dietary patterns was extracted through factor analysis, including diversified dietary pattern, soy-hybrid dietary pattern, and snack and beverage dietary pattern. Logistic analysis results indicated that soy-hybrid dietary pattern(OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.73 - 0.99,P<0.05) was statistically associated with myopia. Conclusions The problem of myopia among adolescents in Zhengding County is more serious. Increasing the intake of milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, reducing the intake of fried foods, and adjusting the overall dietary structure should be recommended in order to prevent the development of myopia in adolescents.
关键词
近视 /
食物频率 /
饮食模式 /
青少年
Key words
myopia /
food frequency /
dietary patterns /
adolescents
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基金
河北省卫生健康委员会科研基金项目(20221332)
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