目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠)疫情期间深圳市小学生屏幕使用情况,分析屏幕使用时间对小学生情绪问题的影响。方法 采用队列研究设计,于2019年和2021年对深圳市两所小学同一批学生进行问卷调查,包括屏幕使用时间、清晨型-夜晚型量表(MEQ-5)及焦虑抑郁量表。采用配对t检验分析新冠疫情前和中期小学生屏幕使用情况的差异,采用Logistic回归分析屏幕使用时间对于情绪的影响。结果 深圳市小学生疫情前和中期相比,工作日使用电脑时间,工作日电视时间,工作日使用手机时间,节假日使用电脑时间以及节假日电视时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但疫情中期节假日使用手机≥2h/d 的比例高于疫情前,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.785,P<0.05)。疫情前小学生抑郁的保护因素为工作日使用手机时间≥2h/d(OR=0.258,95%CI:0.133~0.500),焦虑的保护因素为工作日使用手机时间≥2h/d(OR=0.436,95%CI: 0.206~0.923)和工作日使用电视时间≥2h/d(OR=0.377,95%CI: 0.180~0.790);疫情中期小学生抑郁的保护因素有工作日使用电视时间≥2h/d(OR=0.424,95%CI: 0.202~0.890)和节假日使用手机时间≥2h/d(OR=0.308,95%CI: 0.162~0.585), 睡眠节律为清晨型是疫情中期小学生抑郁的危险因素(OR=5.817,95%CI: 1.790~18.898);疫情中期小学生焦虑的保护因素为工作日使用手机时间≥2h/d(OR=0.388,95%CI: 0.179~0.842)。结论 与疫情前相比,深圳市小学生疫情中期节假日使用手机的时间增加,且适当的屏幕使用可缓解小学生焦虑抑郁情况。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the screen time of primary school students in Shenzhen during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to analyze the association between the screen time and emotional problems of primary school students. Methods A cohort study design was designed. Students from two primary schools in Shenzhen completed questionnaire survey in 2019 and 2021, including screen time, Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5(MEQ-5), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). The paired t-test was used to analyze the differences in screen use of primary school students before and during the middle period of COVID-19, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of screen time on emotion. Results The differences in computer time on weekdays, TV time on weekdays, cell phone time on weekdays, computer time on holidays, and TV time on holidays were not statistically significant compared with the pre- and mid-epidemic periods among primary school students in Shenzhen (P>0.05), but the proportion of cell phone use ≥2h/d on holidays in mid-epidemic period was significantly higher than that of pre-epidemic period(χ2=4.785, P<0.05). Protective factors for depression among elementary school students in the pre-epidemic period included cell phone time ≥2h/d on weekdays(OR=0.258, 95% CI: 0.133 - 0.500), and protective factors for anxiety included cell phone time≥2h/d on weekdays(OR=0.436, 95% CI: 0.206 - 0.923) and weekday TV time ≥2h/d (OR= 0.377, 95%CI: 0.180 - 0.790); protective factors for depression among elementary school students in mid-epidemic period were TV time ≥2h/d on weekdays(OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.202 - 0.890) and cell phone time ≥2h/d on holidays(OR=0.308, 95% CI: 0.162 - 0.585), and sleep rhythms for early morning type was a risk factor for depression among elementary school students in mid-epidemic period (OR=5.817, 95%CI:1.790 - 18.898), and a protective factor for anxiety among elementary school students inmid-epidemic period was cell phone use ≥2h/d on weekdays(OR=0.388, 95% CI:0.179 - 0.842). Conclusion Primary school students in Shenzhen spend more time using mobile phones during holidays in mid-epidemic period than pre-epidemic period, and appropriate screen time could alleviate anxiety and depression in primary school students.
关键词
新型冠状病毒肺炎 /
屏幕使用时间 /
情绪 /
小学生 /
心理健康
Key words
COVID-19 /
screen time /
emotion /
primary school students /
mental health
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基金
深圳市福田区卫生公益性科研项目(FTWS2021084)
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