目的 了解青少年学生性行为、性知识及性知识需求现状,分析性行为发生的影响因素,为减少青少年性行为相关不良后果制定针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,于2022年8—10月选取山东省6所职业学校共1 228名青少年作为调查对象。采用一般资料问卷、性知识、性观念、性行为调查问卷、社会规范认知问卷通过问卷星形式进行调查。采用χ2检验、二分类Logistic回归分析了解青少年性行为发生的高危因素。结果 1 228名学生中,男生 242人(19.7%),女生986人(80.3%)。77人(6.3%)发生过性行为,其中有75人(97.4%)发生过危险性行为;6所 学校学生的性知识总体得分为(21.41±5.93)分。Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性(OR＝3.342,95%CI:1.919～5.818)、年龄>16岁(OR=2.095,95%CI:1.049～4.181)、有迁移经历(OR＝1.764,95%CI:1.016～3.064)、有恋爱经历(OR＝6.812,95%CI＝3.806～12.192)、社会规范认知中认同婚外性行为(OR＝2.486,95%CI:1.174～5.262)、认同一夜情、约炮(OR=3.263,95%CI:1.197～8.899)、认同一次性行为可以不使用安全套(OR=6.804,95%CI:2.797～16.548)是发生性行为的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 山东省中高职青少年性行为发生率低,但危险性行为发生率高,建议从社会规范认知角度出发,并采取多方合作的方式针对高危人群进行干预,从而促进青少年身心健康发展。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of sexual behavior and cognition among adolescent students, and to analyze the influencing factors of sexual intercourse, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted interventions to reduce the adverse consequences of adolescent sexual behavior. Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 1 228 adolescents from six vocational schools in Shandong Province were selected from August to October 2022. Questionnaires were used to collect information related to general characteristics, sexual knowledge, sexual concepts and behavior, and social norm cognition. An electronic version of the questionnaire was developed and distributed through the commonly used platform, Wenjuanxing. Results Among the 1 228 students, 242 (19.7%) were male and 986 (80.3%) were female. Out of the total sample, 77 (6.3%) reported having engaged in sexual intercourse, with 75 (97.4%) of them engaging in risky sexual behaviors. The overall score of sexual knowledge among students in the six schools was 21.41 ± 5.93. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being male (OR=3.342, 95%CI:1.919 - 5.818), being older than 16 years (OR=2.095, 95%CI=1.049 - 4.181), having migration experience (OR=1.764, 95%CI:1.016 - 3.064), being in a romantic relationship (OR=6.812, 95%CI=3.806 - 12.192), approving of sexual behavior outside marriage (OR=2.486, 95%CI:1.174 - 5.262), approving of one night stand (OR=3.263, 95%CI:1.197 - 8.899), and agreeing that condoms cannot be used for one-time sexual intercourse (OR=6.804, 95%CI:2.797 - 16.548) were risk factors for engaging in sexual behavior. Conclusions The prevalence of sexual behavior among adolescents is low, but the prevalence of risky sexual behavior is high. It is recommended to adopt a multi-party collaborative approach to intervene high-risk groups, aiming to promote the physical and mental health of adolescents.
关键词
青少年 /
性行为 /
性知识 /
社会规范
Key words
adolescent /
sexual behavior /
sexual knowledge /
social norms
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 赵芮, 张磊, 富晓星, 等. 中国11省市青少年性与生殖健康知识、态度及行为调查[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2019, 35(10):1330-1338.
Zhao R, Zhang L, Fu XX, et al. Sexual and reproductive health related knowledge, attitude and. behavior among senior high school and college students in 11 provinces and municipalities of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2019, 35(10):1330-1338. (in Chinese)
[2] Abebe M, Tsion A, Netsanet F. Living with parents and risky sexual behaviors among preparatory school students in Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia[J]. Afr Health Sci, 2013, 13(2):498-506.
[3] 李静, 余雨枫,余金莲,等. 我国大学生高危性行为发生率的Meta分析[J]. 当代护士(上旬刊), 2022, 29(3):4-9.
Li J, Yu YF,Yu JL,et al. Meta-analysis of the incidence of high-risk s exual behaviors among college students in China[J]. Modern Nurse, 2022, 29(3):4-9. (in Chinese)
[4] 肖璐, 陈燕华. 青少年人工流产现状及影响因素的研究进展[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2017, 25(3):206-208,213.
Xiao L, Chen YH. Research progress on the current situation and influencing factors of induced abortion in adolescents[J]. Chin J Family Planning, 2017, 25(3):206-208,213. (in Chinese)
[5] Haase S, Müller A, Zweigenthal V. Sexual health behavior, health status, and knowledge among queer womxn and trans men in Kenya:An online cross-sectional study[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(6):e0268298.
[6] Fekadu Wakasa B, Oljira L, Demena M, et al. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually experienced secondary school students in Guduru, Ethiopia[J]. Prev Med Rep, 2021, 23:101398.
[7] 史满林, 董晓静. 978名在校青少年性行为发生情况及避孕知识调查[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2021, 29(1):5-7,16.
Shi ML, Dong XJ. Survey of the situation of sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge of 978 adolescents from school[J]. Chin J Family Planning, 2021, 29(1):5-7,16. (in Chinese)
[8] 王传明, 季顺欣, 于钦明. 医学生婚前性行为态度及其与自我效能感的关系[J]. 中国医药导报, 2022, 19(29):65-68.
Wang CM, Ji SX, Yu QM. Attitudes toward premarital sexual behavior and their relationship with self- efficacy among medical students[J].China Medical Herald, 2022, 19(29):65-68. (in Chinese)
[9] 鲁心怡, 朱苗苗, 李杰, 等. 家庭性教育对大学生婚前性行为的影响分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2022, 37(5):88-91.
Lu XY, Zhu MM, Li J, et al. The influence of family sex education on college students' premarital sex[J].Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China), 2022, 37(5):88-91. (in Chinese)
[10] 梁丽珍, 陈建新,冯玲,等. 同伴教育对中国大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2022, 28(4):498-502.
Liang LZ, Chen JX,Feng L,et al. Meta-analysis of the influence of peer education on AIDS knowledge, attitude and behaviorof the Chinese college students[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2022, 28(4):498-502. (in Chinese)
[11] Cialdini RB, Kallgren CA, Rr R. A focus theory of normative conduct:A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior[J]. Advances in experimental social psychology, 1991, 24(20).
[12] Stark L, Asghar K, Seff I, et al. How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia[J]. Glob Ment Health (Camb), 2018, 5:e2.
[13] 何迎娇. 山西省某高校大学生性知识、性观念、性行为现况调查及影响因素分析 [D].太原:山西医科大学, 2019.
He YJ. Sexual knowledge, sexual concept and sexual behaviors of college students in a university in Shanxi Province status survey and analysis of influencing factors [D].Taiyuan:Shanxi Medical University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[14] 高建美, 黄玉玲,曹应琼,等. 成都市在校大学生性行为特征及与社会规范关系研究[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2021, 37(4):513-520.
Gao JM, Huang YL,Cao YQ,et al. Analysis of sexual behavior and it's influencing factors among college students in Chengdu[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine Information, 2021, 37(4):513-520. (in Chinese)
[15] 张鹏, 高尔生, 孙乔,等. 家庭因素对青少年婚前性行为的影响[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2017, 34(5):710-712.
Zhang P, Gao ES, Sun Q,et al. Effect on family-related factors influencing premarital sex of adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2017, 34(5):710-712. (in Chinese)
[16] 张妍, 韩历丽, 高丽丽, 等. 北京市15～24岁未婚青少年高危性行为调查研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2020, 27(10):1189-1192.
Zhang Y, Han LL, Gao LL, et al. High-risk sexual behavior among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years in Beijing[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2020, 27(10):1189-1192. (in Chinese)
[17] 朱贤, 徐畅, 刘城璐,等. 某医科院校学生艾滋病知识与高危性行为的相关性研究[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(8):852-856.
Zhu X, Xu C, Liu CL,et al. Relationship between AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behavior among medical students[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2020, 26(8):852-856. (in Chinese)
[18] 侯婵娟. 青少年性态度现状及其与青少年危险性行为的关系研究 [D]. 长沙:中南大学, 2013.
Hou CJ. Adolescent sexual attitudes and their relationship with adolescent risk sexual behaviors research [D]. Changsha:Central South University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[19] 韩璐, 杨惠新, 邓敏思, 等. 不同性别15～21岁职业高中青少年性与生殖健康知识、态度与行为现况调查[J]. 广东医学, 2019, 40(Suppl 1):187-189,192.
Han L, Yang HX, Deng MS, et al. Current status of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sexual and reproductive health among vocational high school adolescents aged 15-21 of different genders[J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2019, 40(Suppl 1):187-189,192. (in Chinese)
[20] Borraccino A, Lo Moro G, Dalmasso P, et al. Sexual behaviour in 15-year-old adolescents:Insights into the role of family, peer, teacher, and classmate support[J]. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2020, 56(4):522-530.
[21] 张博星, 金焰, 辛娟. 在校女生生殖健康知识、态度和行为现况及影响因素分析[J]. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2022, 33(10):65-71.
Zhang BX, Jin Y,Xin J. Situation and influencing factors analysis of reproductive health knowledge, attitude and practice among female students in schools[J]. Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research, 2022, 33(10):65-71. (in Chinese)
[22] Baru A, Adeoye IA, Adekunle AO. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants working in Burayu Town, Ethiopia[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(10):e0240695.
[23] 肖年, 顾华妍, 何丹,等. 重庆市15～24岁未婚青少年性行为现状及其影响因素[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2022, 28(8):905-909.
Xiao N, Gu HY, He D,et al. Sexual behavior and the influential factors among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 in Chongqing[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2022, 28(8):905-909. (in Chinese)
[24] 彭春晓, 王文轩, 杜尔日, 等. 某二线城市普通高中生性行为现状及影响因素调查[J]. 中国药物依赖性杂志, 2020, 29(2):129-135.
Peng CX, Wang WX, Du ER, et al.Research on the current situation and influencing factors of sexual behavior among ordinary senior high school students in a second-tier city[J]. Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence, 2020, 29(2):129-135. (in Chinese)
[25] 张先庚, 林琴, 王红艳, 等. 青少年学生艾滋病同伴教育干预研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2018, 32(20):3168-3170.
Zhang XG, Lin Q, Wang HY, et al. Research progress on AIDS peer education intervention for adolescent students[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2018, 32(20):3168-3170. (in Chinese)
[26] 杨云娟, 王永兴, 刘宏,等. 云南省大学生非婚性行为及多性伴性行为现况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(10):1464-1466.
Yang YJ, Wang YX, Liu H,et al. The epidemic status for the non-marital and multiple sexual partners' sex behavior among Yunnan university students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2016, 37(10):1464-1466. (in Chinese)
[27] 王毅, 李六林, 樊静,等. MSM同性偶然性行为及影响因素调查[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2014, 20(1):33-36.
Wang Y, Li LL, Fan J,et al. Analysis of occasional homosexual acts of M SM and related influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2014, 20(01):33-36. (in Chinese)
[28] Ciranka S, Van Den Bos W. Social norms in adolescent risk engagement and recommendation[J]. Br J Dev Psychol, 2021, 39(3):481-498.
基金
国家自然科学基金(72204129);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QG029)
PDF(718 KB)
