目的 了解转乳期早产儿喂养困难发生现状及其影响因素,为早产儿喂养管理提供科学依据。方法 运用《中文版婴幼儿喂养困难评分量表》(MCH-FS)及自行设计《早产儿喂养困难影响因素调查表》调查2021年4—5月成都市5所妇幼保健机构儿童保健门诊的矫正6～24月龄早产儿喂养现状及影响因素。结果 231例早产儿中喂养困难发生率32%,其中轻、中、重度喂养困难发生率分别为15.2%、7.8%、9.1%;二元Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示食物过敏(OR=4.253,95%CI:1.430～12.649)、带养人焦虑情绪(OR=6.064,95%CI:2.998～12.268)、进食时逗引或追喂(OR=2.873,95%CI:1.382～5.970)、进食时伴有娱乐活动(OR=2.328,95%CI:1.115～4.860)、强迫喂食(OR=2.772,95%CI:1.239～6.198)是转乳期早产儿发生喂养困难的主要危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论 转乳期早产儿喂养困难发生率较高,喂养指导应重点关注食物过敏、家长焦虑情绪、不当喂养行为的早产儿,采取恰当干预措施促进科学喂养。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of feeding difficulties in preterm infants at weaning and self-feeding transition stage, so as to provide a scientific basis for the management of feeding preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants at corrected age of 6 - 24 months were recruited from the Department of Child Health of five maternal and child health hospital of Chengdu from April to May 2021, and were surveyed by using the Chinese Version of the Montreal Children Hospital Feeding Scale (MCF-FS) and the self-designed questionnaire on the influencing factors of feeding difficulties. Then the status quo of feeding difficulties and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of feeding difficulties in 231 preterm infants was 32%. Among them, the prevalence rate of mild, moderate and severe feeding difficulties was 15.2%, 7.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Binary Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that food allergy (OR=4.253,95%CI: 1.430 - 12.649), anxious mood of caregivers (OR=6.064,95%CI: 2.998 - 12.268), tease or chase during eating(OR=2.873,95%CI: 1.382 - 5.970), recreational activities at eating (OR=2.328,95%CI: 1.115 - 4.860), and forced feeding (OR=2.772, 95%CI: 1.239 - 6.198) were positively associated with feeding difficulty of preterm infants(P＜0.05). Conclusion Feeding difficulties in the weaning and self-feeding transition period of preterm infants are prevalent, so the guidance should focus on premature infants with food allergy, anxious caregivers and improper feeding behaviors, and appropriate interventions should be taken to promote scientific feeding.
关键词
转乳期 /
早产儿 /
喂养困难
Key words
weaning and self-feeding transition stage /
preterm infants /
feeding difficulties
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