目的 探讨祖辈参与教养和学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的关系,为减少学龄前儿童屏幕暴露提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样法于2022年3月选取济南市3所幼儿园的儿童,由其父亲或母亲进行问卷填写,收集儿童屏幕暴露、祖辈是否参与教养以及儿童和父母的一般资料包括儿童的性别、年龄、家庭所在地、父母的受教育水平、父母的职业、婚姻状况等。采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析比较学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的不同人口学资料。采用多元线性回归分析,分析祖辈参与教养与屏幕暴露的关系。使用二元Logistic回归,分析祖辈参与教养与每日屏幕暴露时间段、屏幕活动类型的关系。结果 本研究共纳入753名学龄前儿童,55.0%的祖辈参与儿童的教养。多元线性回归分析显示,相比其他照顾者教养,祖辈参与教养的儿童上学日屏幕时间、周末屏幕时间及一周平均每天屏幕时间分别高出7.9、12.9和9.4min(P＜0.05)。祖辈参与教养的学龄前儿童选择在周末20:00以后观看电子屏幕设备的风险显著高于主要教养者为非祖辈的学龄前儿童(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.01～2.04,P=0.047),但祖辈参与教养的学龄前儿童屏幕活动类型与非祖辈教养的学龄前儿童差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 祖辈参与教养与学龄前期儿童的屏幕暴露时长增加有关。建议对经常参与儿童照顾的祖辈进行健康教育,告知过度使用电子屏幕的不良影响,以提高祖辈科学调节儿童屏幕使用行为。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between grandparental involvement in parenting and preschoolers' screen exposure, in order to provide scientific evidence for reducing screen exposure in preschoolers. Methods Three kindergartens in Ji'nan City were selected using convenience samplingfrom March to April 2022.Parents of all preschoolers were invited tocomplete the questionnaireto collect general information of children and parents (including gender, age, home location, parental education level), grandparental involvement in parenting, and children's screen exposure on schooldays and weekends. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare preschoolers' screen time against different sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between grandparental involvement in parenting and screen exposure. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of grandparental involvement in parenting with the time and activities of daily screen exposure. Results A total of 753 parents returned valid questionnaires. Among all participating families, grandparents were involved in half (55.0%) of the 753 preschoolers' daily care. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that compared with chidlren whose main caregivers were not grandparents, screen time on weekdays, weekends and average screen time weekly of preschoolers whose grandparents were involved in parenting was 7.9, 12.9 and 9.4 min longer, respectively (P＜0.05). Preschoolers whose grandparents were involved in parenting had a significantly higher risk of watching electronic screen devices after 20:00 on weekends than preschoolers whose primarycaregivers were not grandparents(OR=1.43, 95% CI:1.01 - 2.04, P=0.047). However, types of screen activities did not significantly differ between preschoolers with and without grandparental involvement in parenting (P＞0.05). Conclusions Grandparental involvement in parenting is associated with increased screen time among preschoolers. It is recommended that grandparents who are frequently involved in child care should be told about the adverse effects of excessive electronic screen use to improve grandparents' management skills of children's screen use behavior.
关键词
屏幕暴露 /
学龄前儿童 /
祖辈
Key words
screen exposure /
preschoolers /
grandparents
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基金
国家社科基金项目(18CSH061);国家自然科学基金项目(3210070458);山东大学齐鲁青年学者未来计划项目(2018WLJH46)
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