目的 评价陕西省农村地区10～14岁青少年的性发育特点及性发育时相与认知、行为发育的关联,为促进青春期健康发展提供科学依据。方法 研究对象来自一项出生队列研究的青少年阶段随访。使用Tanner 5分期法评价性发育水平,韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-Ⅳ)评价认知发育,青少年自评量表(YSR-2001)评价行为发育。通过广义线性模型分析青少年性发育时相与认知、行为发育的关联。结果 共纳入1 887名青少年,男生1 111人(58.9%),男、女生中性发育已启动的比例分别为78.22%和89.30%。青少年行为问题检出率为9.70%,男生11.80%,女生6.70%,性别差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.517,P<0.001)。与Tanner Ⅰ 期青少年相比,Ⅲ期青少年认知总分高出2.19分(95%CI: 0.15～4.23),Ⅳ-Ⅴ期的总分要高出3.84分(95%CI:0.85～6.83,P<0.05)。Tanner Ⅳ-Ⅴ期总行为问题检出率是Ⅰ期的2.63倍(95%CI:1.27～5.46,P<0.05),男生Tanner Ⅳ-Ⅴ期的总行为问题检出率是Ⅰ期的3.96倍(95%CI:1.60～9.81,P<0.01),内化问题检出率是Ⅰ期的2.88倍 (95%CI:1.19～7.01,P<0.05)。结论 陕西省农村地区 10～14 岁青少年性发育时相与认知和行为发育存在显著关联,随着性发育水平的升高,认知水平提高的同时,青少年行为问题检出率也增高,且存在显著性别差异。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the association of sexual development characteristics and phases with the cognitive and behavioral development of adolescents aged 10 to 14 in rural areas of Shaanxi Province, in order to provide scientific reference for enhancing adolescent health. Methods The study population was selected from a birth cohort study's follow-up data for the adolescent phase. The Tanner quintile method was used to assess sexual development, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ) was used to assess cognitive development, and the Youth Self-Rating Scale(YSR-2001) was used to assess behavioral development. Generalized linear models was used to examine the association of the stages of adolescent sexual development with their cognitive and behavioral development. Results A total of 1 887 adolescents were enrolled in this study, with 1 111 (58.9%) boys. The proportion of boys and girls who have started sexual development was 78.22% and 89.30%, respectively. The detection rate of behavioral problems in adolescents was 9.70%, with 11.80% in boys and 6.70% in girls, and the gender difference was significant (χ2=13.517, P＜0.001). Compared to adolescents in Tanner stage Ⅰ, adolescents in stage Ⅲ had a higher total cognitive score of 2.19 (95%CI: 0.15 - 4.23), and a higher total score of 3.84 (95%CI: 0.85 - 6.83,P<0.05) in stages Ⅳ-Ⅴ. The detection rate of total behavioral problems of children in Tanner stages Ⅳ-Ⅴ was 2.63 times(95%CI:1.27 - 5.46,P<0.05) higher than that in stage Ⅰ. In boys, the rate of detection of internalizing problems was 3.96 times(95%CI:1.60 - 9.81,P<0.01) higher than that in stage Ⅰ, and the detection rate of internalizing problems was 2.88 times(95%CI:1.19 - 7.01,P<0.05) higher than that in stage Ⅰ. Conclusions There is a significant correlation of sexual developmental phrase with cognitive and behavioral development among adolescents aged 10 - 14 years in rural Shaanxi Province. The detection rate of adolescent behavioral problems increases with the increase of sexual development level and cognitive level, and there are significant gender differences.
关键词
青少年 /
性发育时相 /
认知发育 /
行为发育
Key words
teenagers /
phases of sexual development /
cognitive development /
behavioral development
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