目的 了解安徽淮北地区2~6岁儿童屈光状态,为儿童眼保健及近视、弱视防控提供参考依据。方法 2020年在安徽淮北城区对18所幼儿园2~6岁儿童进行健康体检,随机抽取1 390名儿童采用Suresight验光仪进行屈光筛查,并结合弱视发生的危险因素进行分析。根据仪器提供标准及国家《0~6岁儿童眼保健及视力检查服务规范(试行)》标准分别判定屈光异常率,分析屈光异常因素的构成。结果 根据仪器屈光异常的标准判定儿童双眼屈光异常率为22.99%;按《服务规范》推荐标准判定屈光异常为14.39%,可疑远视储备量不足为26.47%。不同年龄及性别的儿童屈光异常差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.36,0.90,P>0.05)。对各屈光状态构成分析,可疑远视储备量不足因素占74.7%,其次是散光因素占25.8%,屈光参差占22.3%,远视占1.8%。结论 采用国家推荐屈光异常判定标准,早期发现各种屈光异常,有利于屈光筛查分级健康管理,对指导儿童眼保健工作具有重要意义。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the refractive changes of young children in Huaibei area, Anhui province, in order to provide evidence for eye care, prevention and control of myopia and amblyopia. Methods A total of 1 390 2- to 6-year-old children in Huaibei District, who took physical examination in 18 kindergartens, were randomly selected into this study. Refractive screening with Suresight automatic optometry, along with the risk of amblyopia, was analyzed. The rate of refractive abnormality was determined and the composition of refractive abnormality factors was analyzed according to the standards provided by the instrument and the national specifications for eye care and vision examination services for children aged 0 - 6 years (trial). Results The rate of abnormal binocular refraction in preschool children was 22.99% based on the instrument standards, the rate ofhyperopia was 26.47%, and the rate of refractive abnormalities was 14.39% based on the national specifications. There was no statistically significant difference in refractive abnormalities in different age and sex groups (χ2=3.36,0.90,P>0.05). In terms of the refractive status, the proportion rates of suspected hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia and hypermetropia were 74.7%, 25.8%, 22.3% and 1.8%, respectively. Conclusion It is highly recommended that the national standard of refractive errors should be used in refractive screening for early identification of refractive abnormality, which helps to facilitate the graded health management of refractive screening, and is one key component for children's eye care.
关键词
屈光筛查 /
低龄儿童 /
眼保健 /
屈光参差
Key words
refractive screening /
young children /
eye care /
anisometropia
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基金
首都儿科研究所基金项目(2022);北京市医院管理中心第四批“登峰”人才计划(DFL20221103)
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