目的 探讨南京市3~6岁学龄前儿童的听处理发展特征及其影响因素,为促进学龄前儿童听处理发展提供线索。方法 2021年6—7月采用分层随机整群抽样法,随机抽取南京市4所幼儿园在园的3~6岁儿童1 311例,利用自制的基本信息问卷及《学龄前儿童听处理评估量表》对儿童的听处理特征及影响因素进行调查分析。结果 回收有效问卷1 234份,男生和女生的听处理量表总分分别为49.01±12.70和47.26±12.16,差异有统计学意义(t=2.469,P＜0.05)。随着年龄增长,听处理量表总分均值逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(F=2.909,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,性别(β=-1.169)、年龄(β=-0.976)、是否患有其他神经发育障碍性疾病(β=-10.849)以及每天接触电子屏幕时长(β=1.432)是听处理异常的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。男童、年龄越小、患有神经发育障碍性疾病、每天接触电子屏幕时间越长,听处理异常风险越高。结论 儿童听处理能力受性别、年龄、是否患有神经发育障碍性疾病以及电子屏幕使用时间的影响,应当提升对学龄前儿童听处理发展的关注,早期识别听处理异常,并给予有效的医学干预。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of auditory processing development in preschool children aged 3 - 6 years in Nanjing, so as to provide clues for improving the auditory processing ability of preschool children. Methods A total of 1 311 children aged 3 - 6 years from 4 kindergartens in Nanjing were selected by stratified cluster random sampling from June to July 2021. The characteristics and influencing factors of children's auditory processing were investigated and analyzed with the self-designed basic information questionnaire and the Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale. Results A total of 1 234 valid questionnaires were collected. The total score of Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale for boys and girls was 49.01±12.70 and 47.26±12.16, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.469, P<0.05). With the increase of age, the total score of auditory processing scale gradually decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (F=2.909, P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender (β=-1.169), age (β=-0.976), with other neurodevelopmental disorders (β=-10.849) and daily screen time (β=1.432) were main influencing factors for auditory processing abnormalities (P<0.05). In detail, boys, younger age, neurodevelopmental disorders and longer screen time were associated with a higher risk for auditory processing abnormalities. Conclusions Children's auditory processing ability is affected by gender, age, neurodevelopmental disorders and screen time. Attention to the development of auditory processing in preschool children should be raised, with early identification of auditory processing abnormalities and effective medical intervention.
关键词
听处理 /
学龄前儿童 /
听处理障碍
Key words
auditory processing /
preschool children /
auditory processing disorder
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基金
江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202113);江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202017);南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(YKK21157)
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