目的 探讨教养方式在母亲童年期不良经历(ACEs)与育儿压力关联中的中介作用,为改善母亲育几压力提供参考。方法 2021年6月和12月分别对安徽省芜湖市、六安市和阜阳市幼儿园儿童母亲开展基线调查和随访调查,纳入有效问卷6 111份。采用童年期不良经历问卷、教养方式问卷及育儿压力问卷分别测量学龄前儿童母亲ACEs(基线)、教养方式(基线)和育儿压力情况(随访)。采用Spearman相关分析各变量间的关联,通过Bootstrap 程序和 PROCESS 软件检验中介效应。结果 母亲ACEs与消极教养方式(溺爱性、放任性、专制性、不一致性)及育儿压力均呈正相关(r为0.217~0.329,P＜0.01);母亲育儿压力评分与消极教养方式(溺爱性、放任性、专制性、不一致性)评分呈正相关(r为0.226~0.278,P＜0.01),与积极教养方式(民主性)评分呈负相关(r=-0.340,P＜0.01)。中介分析显示,在控制儿童性别、年龄、父母年龄、父母文化程度等混杂因素后,母亲教养方式(溺爱性、民主性、放任性、专制性、不一致性)在母亲ACEs与育儿压力关联中的中介作用分别为 14.74%、7.86%、18.64%、11.89%和22.51%(P＜0.01),5种中介因素的共同中介效应占总效应的36.84%。 结论 教养方式在母亲ACEs与育儿压力关联中起部分中介作用,积极改善母亲教养方式有助于有ACEs母亲减缓育儿压力。
Abstract
Objective To explore the mediating effect of parenting style between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and parenting stress, in order to provide reference for improving maternal parenting stress. Method In June 2021 and December 2021, baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted in mothers of preschool children from Wuhu, Lu'an and Fuyang city in Auhui province, respectively, and 6 111 valid questionnaires were included. ACEs (baseline), parenting style (baseline) and parenting stress (follow-up) were measured by Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Parenting Style Questionnaire and Parenting Stress Questionnaire for the mothers of preschool children, respectively. The association between variables was analyzed by Spearman correlation, and the mediating effect was tested by the Bootstrap program and PROCESS software. Results Maternal ACEs was positively correlated with negative parenting styles (doting, permissive, authoritarian, inconsistent) and parenting stress(r=0.217 - 0.329, P＜0.01). Parenting stress score was positively correlated with negative parenting styles(doting, permissive, authoritarian, inconsistent) (r=0.226 - 0.278, P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with positive parenting styles (r=- 0.340, P＜0.01). After controlling the confounding factors such as children's gender, age, parents' age and parents' education level, the mediating effects of maternal parenting style (doting, democratic, permissive, authoritarian and inconsistent) in the association between maternal ACEs and parenting stress were 14.74%, 7.86%, 18.64%, 11.89% and 22.51% (P＜0.01), respectively, and the common mediation effect of the five intermediary factors accounted for 36.84% of the total effect. Conclusions Parenting style plays a partial mediating role in the association between maternal ACEs and parenting stress. Improving maternal parenting style can help mothers with ACEs to alleviate parenting stress.
关键词
教养方式 /
童年期不良经历 /
育儿压力 /
中介效应
Key words
parenting style /
adverse childhood experiences /
parenting stress /
mediating effects
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82273652);安徽省自然科学基金优青项目(2208085Y23)
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