目的 了解江苏省“二胎”学龄前儿童家庭养育环境及行为问题现状,探索“二胎”儿童行为问题与家庭养育环境关系,为促进“二胎”儿童早期行为健康发展提供理论依据。方法 于2019年3—7月采用分层整群随机抽样,抽取江苏省南京、无锡、南通、镇江、扬州、宿迁、连云港7个城市中符合纳入标准的1 181名4～6岁“二胎”儿童,采用3～6岁幼儿家庭养育环境量表、4~16岁Achenbach儿童行为量表进行调查研究,并采用χ2检验、单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析等统计方法进行分析。结果 江苏省4~6岁“二胎”儿童不良家庭养育环境总检出率为9.48％(112/1 181),情感温暖/自我表达维度不良检出率最高。行为问题总检出率高达15.92%(188/1 181),4岁组、5岁组躯体体诉(χ2=4.027)和性问题(χ2=4.374)因子检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不良家庭养育环境下不良行为检出率显著高于良好以及中等家庭养育环境(χ2＝9.901、26.853,P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,语言/认知信息中等环境(OR＝0.572)、良好环境(OR＝0.464)以及忽视／干涉/惩罚良好环境(OR＝0.400)是“二胎”学龄前儿童行为问题的保护因素(P<0.01)。结论 江苏省4~6岁“二胎”行为问题现状不容乐观,行为问题的发生与家庭养育环境的多个方面均息息相关。应加强对“二胎”学龄前儿童行为健康发展的关注及相关知识的普及,鼓励养育者积极建立良好的家庭养育环境。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of family rearing environment and behavioral problems of the "second child" aged 4 to 6 years in Jiangsu Province, and to explore the relationship between behavioral problems and family rearing environment, so as to provide theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of "second child". Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 1 181 "second child" aged 4 to 6 years who met the inclusion criteria in Nanjing, Wuxi, Nantong, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Suqian and Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province were selected from March to July 2019. The Family Rearing Environment Scale for 3- to 6-year-old children and Achenbach Behavior Scale for 4- to 16-year-old children were used for investigation. χ2 test, univariate analysis, multivariates regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze data. Results The total detection rate of poor family rearing environment of 4- to 6-year-old "second child"preschoolers in Jiangsu Province was 9.48%(112/1 181), and the detection rate of poor environment of emotional warmth/self-expression was the highest. The total detection rate of behavioral problems was as high as 15.92%(188/1 181). There was significant difference in the detection rate of somatic complaints(χ2=4.027) and sexual problem factors(χ2=4.374) between 4-year-old children and 5-year-old children (P<0.05). The detection rate of behavioral problems in poor family rearing environment was significantly higher than that in good and medium family rearing environment (χ2=9.901, 26.853, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that moderate (OR=0.572) to good environment(OR=0.464) of language/cognitive information, good environment of neglect/intervention/punishment (OR=0.400) were protective factors for behavioral problems of "second-child" preschoolers (P<0.01). Conclusions The current situation of behavioral problems of "the second child" aged 4 to 6 in Jiangsu Province is not optimistic, and behavioral problems are closely related to many aspects of family rearing environment. More attention should be paid to the healthy development of the behavior of "second child" preschoolers and the spread of relevant knowledge. Besides, caregiversare encouraged to actively establish a good family rearing environment.
关键词
二胎 /
学龄前儿童 /
行为问题 /
家庭养育环境
Key words
"the second child" /
preschool children /
behavioral problems /
family rearing environment
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基金
江苏省妇幼健康重点学科(FXK201705);江苏省妇幼健康科研面上重点资助项目(F201804)
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