目的 了解南通市学龄前超重肥胖儿童的生存质量(QOL),并利用结构方程模型探讨QOL的影响因素。方法 2021年1—6月随机整群抽取南通市6所托幼机构的2 256名学龄前儿童为研究对象,对儿童进行身高、体重测量并开展超重肥胖评价,采用生存质量、家庭社会资本和家庭文化资本相关量表进行调查。结果 共筛选出超重儿童294例(13.03%),肥胖儿童241例(10.68%)。南通市学龄前超重肥胖儿童的生存质量明显低于正常儿童。结构方程模型显示,家庭社会资本对学龄前超重和肥胖儿童生存质量有直接正向影响(β=0.160,P<0.05)和间接正向影响(β=0.159,P<0.05)。家庭文化资本直接影响生存质量(β=0.264,P<0.05)。肥胖类型、父母婚姻关系、儿童是否为独生子女直接影响学龄前超重和肥胖儿童(标准化直接效应分别为-0.104、0.143、0.094,P<0.05)。结论 南通市超重肥胖儿童生存质量相对较低,其中非独生子女、中重度肥胖儿童更需要受到社会的广泛关注。提高家庭社会资本、家庭文化资本、改善父母婚姻关系能有效改善超重肥胖儿童生存质量。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of preschool overweight and obese children aged 5 - 6, and to analyze the associated factors of QOL using the structural equation model. Methods Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, a total of 2 256 children aged 5 - 6 were surveyed from January to March 2021.Height and weight were measured to assess overweight and obesity.The survey was conducted using the Paediatric QOL Inventory 4.0, Family Social Capital Scale and Family Cultural Capital Scale. Results Totally 294(13.03%) children were detected with overweight and 241(10.68%) children were detected with obesity.The QOL of preschool children with overweight and obesity was significantly lower than that of normal children in Nantong City.The results of the structure equation model showed that the family social capital had a direct (β=0.160, P<0.05) and indirect (β=0.159, P<0.05) positive influence on the QOL of preschool children with overweight and obesity.Family cultural capital directly influenced the QOL (β=0.264, P<0.05).The type of obesity(β=-0.104), parental marital relationship(β=0.143), and only-child or not (β=0.094) directly affected the QOL of preschool overweight and obese children(P<0.05). Conclusions The QOL of overweight and obese children in Nantong is relatively low.Among them, non-only child and children with moderate to severe obesity need more extensive attention from society.Improving family social capital, family cultural capital and parental marital relationship can effectively improve the QOL of overweight and obese children.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
超重肥胖 /
生存质量
Key words
preschool children /
overweight and obesity /
quality of life
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基金
南通市卫生健康委员会青年课题项目(QA2020032);南通市卫生健康委员会青年课题项目(QA2021045)
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