目的 调查儿童安全座椅(CSS)首次写进《未成年儿童保护法》后0~6岁儿童的CSS使用现状,了解父母的风险感知与CSS使用行为的相关性,为后续干预性研究提供参考。方法 2022年1—4月采用便利抽样法,抽取青岛市某三甲医院儿童保健科、某幼儿园及某社区卫生服务中心作为调查现场,使用儿童乘车安全现况调查问卷、儿童乘车风险行为诊断量表对有私家车家庭的0～6 岁儿童父母进行调查。结果 CSS的使用率为 53.4%(222/416),高频次使用率为23.6%(98/416);回归分析结果显示,儿童意外伤害培训参与经历(OR=1.887,95%CI:1.149～3.102)、父母学历为大专和本科及以上(大专:OR=4.486,95%CI:1.956～10.278;本科及以上:OR＝5.249,95%CI:2.307~11.953)、感知易感性(OR=1.701,95%CI:1.220～2.373)、反应效能(OR=1.642,95%CI:1.191～2.264)、自我效能(OR=1.759,95%CI:1.285～2.408)、类型选择认知(OR=1.413,95%CI:1.085～1.840)是CSS使用行为的显著影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 CSS首次纳入全国性立法后,其使用率略有提升而高频次使用率较低。较高水平的风险感知可以促进父母采取积极的措施避免儿童乘车伤害的发生,应加强父母对不使用CSS造成乘车伤害的认知和防治信心的主观判断以增加CSS的使用。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the use of child safety seats for children aged 0 - 6 years after child safety seats were first written into the Law on the Protection of Minors, and to understand the correlation between parents′ risk perception and children′s safety seat use behavior, so as to provide reference for follow-up intervention. Methods From January to April 2022, the convenience sampling method was used to select children′s health department of a third-class hospital in Qingdao, a kindergarten and a community health service center as the survey sites. The parents of children aged 0 - 6 years from families with private cars were investigated by using the questionnaire on the current situation of children′s riding safety and the diagnostic scale of children′s riding risk behavior. Results The utilization rate of child safety seats was 53.4%(222/416), and the high frequency utilization rate was 23.6%(98/416). The results of regression analysis showed that parents participation experience of children′s accidental injury training(OR=1.887, 95%CI:1.149 - 3.102), parents with college degree or above(college:OR=4.486, 95%CI:1.956 - 10.278; bacholor′ s degree:OR=5.249, 95%CI:2.307 - 11.953), perceived susceptibility(OR=1.701, 95%CI:1.220 - 2.373), response efficiency(OR=1.642, 95%CI:1.191 - 2.264), self-efficacy(OR=1.759, 95%CI:1.285 - 2.408), type selection cognition(OR=1.413, 95%CI:1.085 - 1.840) were significantly influencing factor of child safety seat use behavior(P<0.05). Conclusions After being included in national legislation for the first time, the usage rate of child safety seats increases slightly while high frequency usage rate was low. Higher levels of risk perception can promote parents to take active measures to avoid child car injuries. Therefore, parents′ subjective judgments about their perceptions and confidence in preventing car injuries caused by not using child safety seats should be strengthened so as to increase the use of child safety seats.
关键词
父母 /
儿童安全座椅 /
扩展平行过程模型 /
风险感知
Key words
parents /
child safety seat /
extended parallel process model /
risk perception
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基金
山东省教育厅重点研发计划项目(2017GSF18131)
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