目的 分析不同年龄语言发育迟缓儿童的行为及语言特征,为临床早期干预提供科学依据。方法 选择2020年1月—2021年1月在广州某医院就诊的1.5~6岁儿童进行调查,采用S-S法对语言能力进行评定,分析不同组儿童的语言能力及影响因素。结果 1)语言发育迟缓就诊年龄主要在1.5~3.5岁,平均2.6岁,男童明显多于女童。52.48%的就诊儿童表达词汇量在10个以下,12.38%的儿童不会说话;语言理解水平主要在事物的符号阶段。80.20%的儿童有行为问题,58.29%有饮食行为问题;62.87%接触电子屏幕超过1h/d,50.99%亲子互动＜2h/d。2)不同年龄和性别语言发育迟缓儿童语言理解落后比例和操作性课题落后比例差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为13.68、17.62,P＜0.01)。随着年龄增加,语言理解能力落后比例逐渐增多,2岁前后差异最显著。各年龄组操作性课题落后率较高。3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,主要抚养人文化程度高是语言理解能力的保护因素(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.67~0.97,P＜0.05),儿童行为问题是操作性课题落后的危险因素(OR=2.84,95%CI: 1.21~6.65,P＜0.05)。结论 语言发育迟缓多发生于2岁半左右的儿童中,且容易出现行为问题;2岁以后除语言表达能力落后外,更容易出现理解能力合并操作能力落后,儿童行为问题是操作性课题落后的危险因素。因此,语言发育迟缓的早期筛查和针对性干预很有必要,科学的养育、良好行为的培养,可促进儿童早期语言发育。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the characteristics of children with language development delay at diffierent ages, so as to provide scientific basis for early clinical detection and intervention. Methods A study was conducted in children aged 1.5 to 6 years with questionnaire survey during January 2020 to January 2021.The S-S linguistic retardation assessment was adopted.Then the language development characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. Results 1) The age of delayed speech visits was mainly between 1.5 and 3.5 years old, with an average of 2.6 years old, and significantly more boys than girls.Among children with delayed speech visits, 52.48% had an expressive vocabulary of less than 10 words, and 12.38% visited the hospital because they did not speak, the level of language comprehension was mainly at the symbolic stage of things, 80.20% had behavioral problems, 58.29% had dietary behavioral problems.And 62.87% were exposed to electronic screens for more than 1h/d, 50.99% parent-child interaction was less than 2h/d.2) The proportion oflanguage comprehension delay and operational task delaywere significantly different among different age groups (χ2=13.68, 17.62, P<0.01).The proportion of delayed language comprehension gradually increased with age, and the difference was most significant around 2 years old.The rate of operational task delay was higher in each age groups.3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education level of the main caregiver was a protective factor for language comprehension (OR=0.81, 95%CI:0.67 - 0.97, P＜0.05), while behavioral problems increased the risk of operational task delay (OR=2.84, 95%CI:1.21 - 6.65, P＜0.05). Conclusions Language development delays mostly occur in children around 2.5 years of age and are prone to behavioral problems.After 2 years of age, in addition to language delays, children are more likely to have a combination of comprehension delays and operational delays, and behavioral problems increase the risk for operational delays.Therefore, early screening and targeted interventions are necessary, and scientific parenting and favorable behavior habits may help to children's early language development.
关键词
语言发育迟缓 /
语言特征 /
行为 /
儿童
Key words
language development delay /
language characteristics /
behavior /
children
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参考文献
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基金
广东省“十二五”医学重点学科(粤卫函〔2012〕20号)
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