目的 对重庆市各区县托幼机构儿童一日身体活动安排现状进行调查分析,比较不同年龄学龄前儿童活动类型和时间安排,为指导学龄前儿童进行科学活动提供依据。方法 2022年采用分层整群随机抽取重庆市40个区县的1 798个托幼机构(一级园、二级园、三级园、未评级园)的4 714个托幼机构班级(大、中、小、混龄班)参与。采用问卷调查对所有幼儿园班级的周一到周五身体活动安排情况进行调查,包括静态活动(电子屏幕和非屏幕时间)、轻强度运动、中高强度运动以及总运动时间,并对各种活动时间的达标率进行比较。结果 重庆市各个托幼机构班级的电子屏幕时间的静态活动、非电子屏幕时间的静态活动、轻强度运动、中高强度运动时间以及总运动时间分别是29.6、93.9、19.0、123.3、142.3min。电子屏幕时间的静态活动、中高强度运动以及总运动时间的达标率分别为71.8%,95.7%和57.9%,在一、二、三级和未评级托幼机构之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=66.877、9.854、10.083,P<0.05);在大、中、小班和混龄班之间差异也有统计学意义(χ2=208.440、53.749、152.336,P<0.001)。结论 重庆市托幼机构一日活动的时间和类型在不同托幼机构级别以及不同年级之间存在不充分不均衡问题,需对托幼机构的活动安排进行调整。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current situation of one-day physical activities of children in the kindergartens in each county and district of Chongqing, and to compare the activity types and time arrangements of preschool children at different ages in the kindergartens of different counties and districts in Chongqing, so as to provide basis for guiding preschool children to carry out scientific activities. Methods In January 2022, 4 714 kindergarten classes (including large, middle, small and mixed-age classes) from 1 798 kindergartens (including first-level, second-level, third-level, and unrated kindergartens) in 40 counties/districts in Chongqing were randomly selected in this study by stratified cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the physical activities arrangement of each kindergarten class from Monday to Friday, including static activities time (electronic screen time and non-screen time), low-intensity physical activity time, moderate- to high-intensity physical activity time and total physical activity time. The rates of standard-obtained time for various activities were compared. Results Electronic screen time, non-electronic screen time, time for low-intensity physical activity, moderate- to high-intensity physical activity, and total exercise time was 29.6min, 93.9min, 19.0min, 123.3min and 142.3min, respectively. The compliance rates of time for electronic screen, moderate- to high-intensity physical activity and total physical activity were 71.8%, 95.7%and 57.9%, respectively, which were significantly different among the first, the second, the third level and unrated kindergartens(χ2=66.877, 9.854, 10.083, P<0.05), and among the large, the middle, the small and mixed-age classes(χ2=208.440, 53.749, 152.336, P<0.001). Conclusions The time and types of one-day physical activity are insufficient and imbalanced among kindergartens with different levels and grades from Chongqing. It is necessary to adjust the arrangement of physical activity in kindergartens.
关键词
幼儿园 /
一日身体活动 /
运动时间达标率
Key words
kindergarten /
one-day physical activity /
the compliance rate of physical activity time
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参考文献
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基金
北京市卫健委高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目培养计划(学科带头人-01-17)
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