目的 分析家庭养育方式与儿童睡眠状况的关系,寻求对儿童睡眠有利的养育方式,为改善儿童睡眠质量提供相应的参考。方法 收集2021年9—12月于北京中医药大学孙思邈医院儿科体检的214名6~12岁儿童为研究对象,运用儿童版父母教养方式问卷(EMBU-C)及儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评价家长养育方式及儿童睡眠状况,并分析其相关性。结果 CSHQ总分在不同年龄(t=6.45,P<0.001)、共睡情况(F=11.82,P<0.001)、电子屏幕使用时间(F=5.13,P=0.007)等因素上差异有统计学意义;父母EMBU-C与CSHQ的多个维度之间存在显著相关(P＜0.05);多元线性回归分析显示:从与抚养人同床睡到不同房间睡,CSHQ总分逐渐降低(β=-1.81),母亲情感温暖得分与CSHQ总分呈负相关(β=-0.50),电子屏幕使用时间与CSHQ总分呈正相关(β=1.89),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),三者共同解释18%的变异(ΔR2=0.18)。结论 儿童的睡眠状况与年龄及家庭养育方式有关,家庭养育方式中的共睡和屏幕使用时间过长会降低儿童的睡眠质量,母亲情感温暖则对儿童睡眠的改善有一定意义。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between family parenting style and children's sleep, and to determine the beneficial parenting style for children's sleep, so as to provide reference for improving children's sleep quality. Methods A total of 214 children aged 6 - 12 who underwent physical examination in the Sun Simiao Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September to to December 2021 were collected as the study subjects. Egna Minnen Betrffende Uppfostran for Children (EMBU-C) and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used to evaluate the parenting style and children's sleep status, then the association between the two was analyzed. Results There were statistically significant differences in CSHQ total score in different age (t=6.45, P＜0.001), co-sleeping (F=11.82, P＜0.001) and screen time groups (F=5.13, P=0.007). Significant correlations were found between parental EMBU-C and multiple dimensions of CSHQ (P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that CSHQ total score of children significantly decreased from co-sleeping with caregivers to sleeping alone in a separate room (β=-1.81). Maternal emotional warm in each dimension of parental EMBU-C was negatively related to CSHQ total score of children (β=-0.50). However, screen time of children was positively correlated with CSHQ total score (β=1.89). The three factors together explained 18% of the variance (ΔR2=0.18). Conclusions Children's sleep status is related to age and family parenting style. Co-sleeping and excessive screen time in family parenting environment can reduce children's sleep quality, while maternal emotional warmth has a certain significance in improving children's sleep.
关键词
睡眠 /
养育方式 /
儿童
Key words
sleep /
parenting style /
children
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