目的 了解学龄前儿童体重指数(BMI)与体质健康指标的相关性,为提高学龄前儿童健康状况提供依据。方法 2020年9—10月对丽水市城区幼儿园进行分类,随机抽取25所幼儿园中3 484名3～6岁在园儿童进行体格测量,以及体质健康指标10 m往返跑、网球掷远、走平衡木、双脚连续跳、立定跳远、坐位体前屈6个项目监测,按照我国“2～6岁儿童BMI标准”进行BMI评价,按“国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)”进行体质监测综合评定,用方差分析等方法,分析不同BMI与学龄前儿童体质健康指标的相关性。结果 3 484名儿童中,男童1 860名(53.39%),女童1 624名(46.61%),根据BMI评价,消瘦77人(2.21%),正常体重2 765人(79.36%),超重424人(12.17%),肥胖218人(6.26%),男女童BMI分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=77.356,P<0.001)。消瘦、正常体重、超重、肥胖这四组儿童的体质监测不合格率分别为38.96%、7.63%、13.44%、31.65%。不同BMI的四组儿童间比较,在体质监测的坐位体前屈、立定跳远、网球掷远3个项目中,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),消瘦组和肥胖组儿童的坐位体前屈得分均小于正常体重组和超重组儿童,超重组儿童的立定跳远得分均大于正常体重组和肥胖组儿童,正常体重组儿童的网球掷远得分均小于超重组和肥胖组儿童。 结论 丽水市城区不同BMI的男女学龄前儿童体质健康状况差异较大,肥胖、消瘦的学龄前儿童体质监测不合格率较高,建议学龄前儿童体重应控制在正常范围,以提高身体健康素质。

Objective To analyze the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and physical health indicators of preschool children, in order to provide basis for improving their health condition. Methods From September to October 2020, 3 484 children aged 3 to 6 were randomly selected from 25 kindergartens to take physical measurements and physical fitness tests, including 10-meter round-trip running, tennis long throw, balance beam walking, double-foot continuous jump, standing long jump, seated forward bending 6 items. BMI was assessed according to BMI Standards for Children from 2 to 6 Years Old. Physical fitness was monitored comprehensively according to the National Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Children Part). The correlation between different BMI and physical health indicators of preschool children was analyzed. Results Among 3 484 children, 1 860 were boys (53.39%) and 1 624 were girls (46.61%). According to BMI evaluation, 77 were wasting (2.21%), 2 765 were normal weight (79.36%), and 424 were overweight (12.17%), 218 people were obese (6.26%), and the difference in BMI distribution between boys and girls was statistically significant (χ² =77.356, P＜0.001). The unqualified rates of physical fitness monitoring in children with wasting, normal weight, overweight and obesity were 38.96%, 7.63%, 13.44%, and 31.65%, respectively. Four groups of children with different BMIs had statistically significant differences in sitting position, standing long jump and tennis throw of physical fitness monitoring (P<0.05), the sitting body flexion of children in the wasting group and the obese group were smaller than those in normal and overweight children. The standing long jump of overweight children was larger than that of the normal and obese children. The tennis throw of the normal weight children scored lower than that of overweight and obese children. Conclusions The physical health status of preschool children in different BMI groups in Lishui City varies greatly between boys and girls. Obese and wasting preschool children have a higher rate of failure in physical fitness monitoring, and it is recommended that preschool children should be kept within a normal weight range in order to improve their physical health.