目的 探讨学龄前儿童居家户外活动时间的影响因素,特别是父母与子女的交互作用、隔代照护等因素的影响,为有效干预学龄前儿童居家户外活动提供理论依据。方法 采用方便整群抽样的方法于2020年9—10月对浙江省平湖市4所幼儿园1 431名学龄前儿童的家长进行问卷调查,通过多因素Logistic回归模型等进行统计分析。结果 父亲[OR(95%CI):3.87(1.74~8.59)]、母亲[OR(95%CI):12.82(7.12~23.08)]与祖父母[OR(95%CI):3.39(2.08~5.53)]的户外活动时间≥1h/d、户外活动场地可及性[OR(95%CI):1.61(1.25~2.07)]及男童[OR(95%CI):2.83(1.30~6.16)]与学龄前儿童户外活动时间(≥2h/d vs. <1h/d)的关系有统计学意义。同时,父亲与儿童性别存在交互作用,父亲户外活动时间(1~2h/d、≥2h/d vs. <1h/d)与女童户外活动时间的关系存在“剂量-效应”关系[OR(95%CI):1.89(1.19~3.00)、4.50(1.94~10.42)]。结论 父母、隔代照护人的户外活动时间、户外活动场地是学龄前儿童居家户外活动时间的重要可变因素。加强隔代照护人的健康知识普及和日常行为管理,以及注重父亲角色的重要影响,是促进学龄前儿童居家户外活动的重要途径。
Abstract
Objective To explore the influencing factors of time for preschooler home-based outdoor activities, especially the interaction between parents and children and grandparental care, so as to provide theoretical basis for the intervention on preschool-aged children's home-based outdoor activities. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted using a convenience group sampling method among 1 431 parents of preschool-aged children from four kindergartens in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province. Statistical analysis was carried out by multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The outdoor activity time ≥1h/d of father (OR=3.87, 95% CI:1.74 - 8.59), mother (OR=12.82, 95%CI:7.12 - 23.08) and grandparents (OR=3.39, 95% CI:2.08 - 5.53), the accessibility of outdoor activity fields (OR=1.61, 95% CI:1.25 - 2.07) and boys (OR=2.83, 95%CI:1.30 - 6.16) were the influencing factors of outdoor activity time (≥2h/d vs. <1h/d) among preschoolers. The interaction was observed between fathers' outdoor activity and preschoolers' gender. The statistically significant dose-effect relationship between fathers' outdoor activity [OR (95%CI):1.89(1.19 - 3.00), 4.50(1.94 - 10.42)] and girls' outdoor activity was also observed (P<0.001). Conclusions The outdoor activity time of parents and grandparents, the accessibility of outdoor activity fields are crucial changeable factors affecting the outdoor activity time of preschool-aged children at home. Strengthening health education and lifestyle management in non-parental caregivers, as well as paying attention to the important influence of the role of father, may be an important way to promote home-based outdoor activities of preschool-aged children.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
户外运动 /
父母 /
祖辈
Key words
preschool-aged children /
outdoor activities /
parents /
grandparents
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基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(19YJCZH226);浙江省大学生科技创新计划(2021R417036)
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