目的 分析江苏省0~3岁儿童生长发育现况及营养不良状况,为进一步做好江苏省0~3岁儿童保健工作提供参考依据。方法 基于多中心、大样本的动态队列,利用全国儿童营养与健康监测系统资料,选取江苏省4个监测区县,每个区县抽取4个街道(乡镇),将街道(乡镇)辖区内在2016年1月—2019年12月接受健康监测的3岁以下常住健康儿童做为研究对象,利用监测数据对其进行生长发育分析,并与WHO儿童生长发育标准比较,分析和评价儿童体重和身长/高的生长速率,采用Z评分法进行营养状况评价。结果 共收集0~3岁健康儿童体检数据43 518例,各月龄儿童的平均体重、身长/高均显著高于2006年WHO标准(P<0.05);男童各月龄平均体重、身长/高均显著高于女童(P<0.05);男童体重在8月龄前、身长在6月龄前生长速率快于女童(P<0.05)。儿童总体低体重率为0.14%,生长迟缓率为0.28%,消瘦率为0.55%,超重率为3.88%,肥胖率为0.55%;男童的低体重率、生长迟缓率、超重率以及肥胖率均显著高于女童(χ²=6.612, P=0.01; χ²=13.287、89.339、18.732, P<0.001)。结论 江苏省4地区0~3岁儿童生长发育状况良好,营养不良情况仍存在,低体重、消瘦、生长迟缓发生率较低,但儿童超重和肥胖仍是今后儿童保健需要重点关注的问题。

Objective To investigate the current situation of growth and malnutrition across children under the age of 3 years in Jiangsu, and provide reference and evidence of improvement for children's healthcare during first three years in Jiangsu. Methods The research was based on a dynamic cohort of multi-center and large sample. The data was from the National Children Nutrition and Health Monitoring. Four monitored districts/counties in Jiangsu were selected, four communities (towns) from each district/county were chosen. Healthy children of permanent residence in these chosen communities (towns) under the age of 3 undergone the health monitoring from January 2016 to December 2019 were recruited as the research objects. Their monitored anthropometric data were analyzed, and compared with WHO growth standard. Weight and length (height) growth rates were analyzed and evaluated. Z score was employed for the evaluation of children's status of nutrition. Results A total of 43 518 healthy children under the age of 3 were recruited. The mean values of weight and length (height) of children at each age were all significantly higher than 2006 WHO standard (P<0.05). The weight and length (height) of males were all significantly higher than those of females at each age (P<0.05). The growth rates of males' weight before 8 months and length (height) before 6 months were all faster than those of females (P<0.05). The rates of underweight, stunting, emaciation, overweight and obesity of all children were 0.14%, 0.28%, 0.55%, 3.88% and 0.55%, respectively. The rates of underweight, stunting, overweight and obesity of overall males were all significantly higher than those of overall females (χ²=6.612, P=0.01; χ²=13.287,89.339, 18.732, P<0.001). Conclusions The status of growth during first three years are favourable but several types of malnutrition still exist in these 4 areas of Jiangsu. The prevalence of underweight, emaciation and stunting are all in low levels. However, overweight and obesity are still the significant issues in children's healthcare supposed to be paid attention in the future.