目的 了解宜昌市城区青少年的心理健康状况,并分析家庭功能和应激感受对其的影响。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,2021年9月抽取宜昌市城区5所中学4 674名学生,采用中学生心理健康量表(MSSMHS)、家庭关怀度指数、应激感受量表(PSS)进行问卷调查。结果 宜昌市城区青少年心理问题检出率24.22%(1 132/4 674),女生MSSMHS除心理不平衡外,其他各因子分(强迫症状、偏执、敌对、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪波动)及总评分均显著高于男生(P<0.01),高中生总评分及各因子分(强迫症状、偏执、敌对、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪波动、心理不平衡)均显著高于初中生(P<0.01),非独生子女的学习压力感和情绪波动因子分显著高于独生子女(t=2.13、2.21,P<0.05)。单亲家庭、非父母抚养学生的总评分及各因子分亦均显著高于非单亲家庭、父母抚养者(P<0.01)。Pearson分析显示,MSSMHS总评分及各因子分(强迫症状、偏执、敌对、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪波动、心理不平衡)与家庭关怀指数呈负相关(r=-0.51~-0.37,P<0.01),而与应激感受呈正相关(r=0.41~0.52,P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,年级、是否单亲家庭、家庭关怀度指数得分、应激感受得分影响青少年心理健康(β=0.112、-0.400、-0.385、0.400,P<0.01)。结论 宜昌市城区青少年心理健康存在一定的问题,家庭功能与环境、应激感受、性别、年级均对其有影响。需学校、家庭、学生三方联动,坚持家校合作,采取有针对性的措施,提高青少年的心理健康水平。
Abstract
Objective To understand the mental health status of adolescents in Yichang City, and to analyze the impact of family function and stress feeling on them. Method Using stratified cluster random sampling, 4 674 students from 5 middle schools in Yichang City were investigated by middle school students′ Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS), family care index and stress perception scale (PSS) in September 2021. Results The detection rate of adolescents′ psychological problems in Yichang City was 24.22% (1 132/4 674). Except for mental imbalance, the scores of other factors and total scores of girls in MSSMHS were significantly higher than those of boys (P<0.01). The total scores and scores of all factors of high school students were significantly higher than those of junior high school students (P<0.01) .Non-only children had significantly higher learning pressure and mood swing factor scores than only children (t=2.13, 2.21, P<0.05). The total scores and the scores of various factors of single-parent families and non-parent-supported students were also significantly higher than those of non-single-parent families and parent-supported students (P<0.01). Pearson analysis showed that MSSMHS total score and each factor score were negatively correlated with family care index (r ranged from -0.51 to -0.37, P<0.01), but positively correlated with stress perception (r ranged from 0.41 to 0.52, P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that grade, single-parent family, family care index score, and stress score effected the mental health of adolescents (β=0.112,-0.400,-0.385, 0.400, P<0.01). Conclusions There are certain problems in the mental health of adolescents in Yichang City, which are affected by family function and environment, stress feelings, gender and grade.It is suggested that schools,families and students should cooperate together,take targeted intervention to improve adolescents′ mental health.
关键词
青少年 /
心理健康 /
家庭功能 /
应激感受
Key words
adolescent /
mental health /
family function /
stress feeling
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基金
宜昌市2021年度社会科学研究课题(ysk21kt160)
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