目的 探索在农村地区有效提高乳恒牙交替期儿童口腔健康认知、促进良好卫生行为养成及改善口腔卫生状况的持续干预方法。方法 2021年3—10月,基于PDCA口腔健康管理方法,对贵阳市某乡镇学校二年级儿童开展口腔健康教育与行为干预,在两个阶段(3个月时、6个月时)观察干预对象口腔健康认知、行为习惯与口腔卫生状况变化情况。结果 基线调查时,口腔健康知识总知晓率、良好行为习惯报告率、菌斑指数、龋态值分别为48.1%、52.7%、1.86±1.12、1.53±0.62,持续干预3个月后,分别达到81.3%、75.6%、0.94±0.67、1.39±0.68,与基线时相比差异均有统计学意义(χ2=175.072、123.768,t=8.800,2.381,P<0.05);在6个月时,口腔健康总体认知率、良好行为习惯报告率分别为76.9%、71.2%,与3个月时相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.170、5.193、P<0.05),菌斑指数为(1.07±0.73),与3个月时相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 持续干预能有效提高儿童口腔保健意识、促进健康行为习惯养成,但长期效果的保持还需不断强化,未来可能还需从组织形式、评价体系等方面来改进干预方案。
Abstract
Objective To explore continuous intervention methods to effectively improve oral health cognition, promote healthy behaviors, and improve the oral health status of children with primary and permanent tooth alternation in rural areas. Methods From March to October 2021, oral health education and behavioral interventions based on the Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) cycle were carried out for second-grade children in a township school in Guiyang City for 6 months. The changes in oral health cognition, behavior habits and oral hygiene status of the children were observed in 3 months and 6 months after intervention. Results At the baseline survey, the total awareness rate of oral health knowledge, the rate of self-reported good behavior habits, plaque index and caries status value were 48.1%, 52.7%, 1.86±1.12, 1.53±0.62, respectively, which were 81.3%, 75.6%, 0.94±0.67, 1.39±0.68 in three months after intervention, and the difference was significant (χ2=175.072, 123.768, t=8.800, 2.381,P＜0.05). At six months, the total awareness rate of oral health knowledge and the rate of self-reported good behavior habits were 76.9% and 71.2%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in three months after intervention(χ2=4.170, 5.193, P＜0.05).The plaque index in six months after intervention was 1.07±0.73, which was not significantly different compared with that in three months. Conclusions Continuous intervention can effectively improve children's oral health awareness and promote the development of healthy behavior, but the maintenance of long-term effects needs to be continuously strengthened. Besides, it is suggested to improve the intervention program in the future from the perspective of organizational form and evaluation system.
关键词
乳恒牙交替期 /
口腔健康 /
社区干预 /
农村地区
Key words
alternate period of primary and permanent teeth /
oral health /
community intervention /
rural areas
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基金
贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2018]1-53号)
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