目的 调查婴幼儿家庭养育照护指导需求情况及其影响因素,为推进医育结合照护服务提供参考。方法 2020年9—11月在我国9省12市选取3 439名婴幼儿家庭进行问卷调查。由照护者填写一般资料和家庭养育问卷,收集婴幼儿家庭对照护指导的需求情况。结果 在3 439名婴幼儿家庭中,有1 022个(29.7%)家庭有照护指导需求,其中对回应性照护和早期学习机会的指导需求尤为突出。Logistics回归分析显示:主要照护者是父亲(OR=0.476,95%CI:0.361~0.629)和(外)祖父母(OR=0.455,95%CI:0.304~0.681)、工作状态为务农(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.240~0.649)、退休(OR=0.612,95%CI:0.500~0.750)是婴幼儿家庭养育照护指导需求的保护因素;家庭结构为主干家庭(OR=1.295,95%CI:1.101~1.523)、单亲家庭(OR=2.631,95%CI:1.405~4.927),文化程度为大专/本科(OR=2.180,95%CI:1.600~2.971)、研究生及以上(OR=3.116,95%CI:2.109~4.811)、家庭月均收入在10 001～20 000(OR=1.815,95%CI:1.407~2.340)与>20 000元(OR=2.846,95%CI:2.125~3.813)是婴幼儿家庭养育照护高需求的危险因素。结论 目前,我国家庭对婴幼儿的养育存在一定的指导需求。各医疗、保健机构特别是妇幼保健机构应不断完善针对婴幼儿养育照护的专业指导与健康服务,以进一步提升婴幼儿家庭照护的质量。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the needs and influencing factors of family nurturing for infants, so as to provide reference for promoting the combination of medical education and care services. Methods From September to November 2020, 3 439 infants were selected from 9 provinces and 12 cities in China for questionnaire survey. Parents were asked to fill in general information and family rearing questionnaire to collect the needs of infant families for nurturing guidance. Results Among 3 439 infants, 29.7% had the need for nurturing guidance, especially for responsive care and early learning opportunities. Logistics regression analysis showed that the main caregivers were father(OR=0.476,95%CI:0.361 - 0.629)and(maternal) grandparents(OR=0.455,95%CI:0.304 - 0.681), farmers(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.240 - 0.649)and retirement(OR=0.612,95%CI:0.500 - 0.750)were protective factors for guidance needs for infants and toddlers family nurturing care. Stem family(OR=1.295,95%CI:1.101 - 1.523), single-parent family(OR=2.631,95%CI:1.405 - 4.927), caregivers with educational level of college/graduate(OR=2.180,95%CI:1.600 - 2.971), postgraduate and above(OR=3.116,95%CI:2.109 - 4.811)and average monthly household income of >10 001 - 20 000 yuan(OR=1.815,95%CI:1.407 - 2.340), above 20 000 yuan(OR=2.846,95%CI:2.125 - 3.813)were risk factors for demand for high guidance needs for infants and toddlers family nurturing care. Conclusions At present, families in China have a certain need for guidance on the nurturing care of infants and toddlers. Medical and health care institutions, especially maternal and child health care institutions, should continue to improve their professional guidance and health services for the nurturing care of infants and toddlers in order to further improve the quality of family care.
关键词
婴幼儿 /
养育照护 /
照护指导 /
医育结合
Key words
infants and toddlers /
nurturing care /
nursing guidance /
combination of medical and rearing
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