目的 调查郑州市小学生行为问题现状及其影响因素,为其行为问题的预防和干预提供科学依据。方法 2019年6月采用整群随机抽样法选取郑州市6所小学3 180名小学生,使用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)和自行设计的一般情况问卷评定后行统计分析。结果 发放问卷3 180份,2 832(89.1%)份合格,小学生行为问题检出率7.8%(222/2 832)。12~14岁较6~11岁小学生行为问题检出率高,分别为12.2%、7.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=83.168,P＜0.001)。男生较女生行为问题检出率高,分别为8.9%、6.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.788,P=0.029)。一年级较其他年级小学生行为问题检出率低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.592,P=0.018)。父亲职业为教师、母亲职业为工人、男生、早产儿、母亲或父亲高中以下学历、父亲沉溺网络或酗酒、出生时有颅内出血的小学生行为问题总分均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 郑州市小学生行为问题在不同性别、不同年龄和不同年级中检出率存在差异,其发生也和父母职业、父母学历、小学生出生时健康状况、父亲行为问题有关,改善郑州市小学生行为问题现状需家庭、学校和医疗机构人员共同参与。
Abstract
Objective To investigate current situation and influencing factors of pupil's behavioral problems in Zhengzhou, so as to provide reference for targeted intervention of behavioral problems of primary school students. Methods A total of 3 180 pupils were randomly selected in Zhengzhou. Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a self-designed questionnaire were used to assess behavioral problems and collect demographic data. Results A total of 3 180 questionnaires were distributed, and 2 832 (89.1%) valid questionnaires were collected. The detection rate of behavioral problems was 7.8% (222/2 832) in pupils, which was significantly higher in 12- to 14-year-old pupils than 6- to 11-year-old pupils (12.2% vs. 7.3%, χ2=83.168, P＜0.001).The detection rate of behavioral problems in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (8.9% vs. 6.6%,χ2=4.788,P = 0.029).Compared with other grades, first-grade pupils had lower detection rate of behavioral problems (χ2=13.592, P=0.018). Pupils whose fathers were teachers, mothers were workers, boys, premature, mothers or fathers with less than high school education, fathers addicted to the internet or alcohol, and pupils with intracranial haemorrhage at birth all had higher overall scores of behavioral problems, and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of behavioral problems among primary school students in Zhengzhou varies by gender, age and grade, and is also related to parental occupation, parental education, health status at birth and father's behavioral problems. It is suggested to improve the behavioral problems among primary school students in Zhengzhou by the cooperation of family, school and medical staffs.
关键词
小学生 /
行为问题 /
Achenbach儿童行为量表
Key words
pupils /
behavioral problem /
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
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基金
河南省医学科技计划联合共建项目(2018020666)
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