目的 了解云南省临翔区学龄前儿童健康状况及影响因素, 为云南少数民族地区开展儿童健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法 2019年采用随机抽样方法,在云南省临翔区随机抽取学龄前儿童1 018名,横断面调查样本儿童的生长发育指标和影响因素,并纳入二元Logistic回归模型中,找出影响少数民族儿童健康状况的不良因素。结果 该少数民族地区学龄前儿童低体重、发育迟缓和龋齿发生率随着年龄增长递增, 6~7岁组低体重发生率为9.7%(χ2=11.327,P=0.001),发育迟缓发生率为13.3%(χ2=22.939,P<0.001),龋齿发生率为71.4%(χ2=58.067,P<0.001)。对不同民族地区儿童发育迟缓的发生率做二元Logistic回归,拟合模型结果显示在控制年龄和家庭收入因素不变的情况下,拉祜族儿童发生生长迟缓的危险是汉族的4.332倍(95%CI:2.103~8.924)。结论 影响云南省临翔区儿童健康的主要问题是低体重、发育迟缓和龋齿,应引起相关部门高度重视,通过定期随访及专案管理,从多方面、多渠道开展疾病预防和治疗,不断提高儿童健康水平。
Abstract
Objective To understand the health status of preschool children in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for children health promotion in the minority areas. Methods In 2019, 1 018 preschoolers were randomly selected from Linxiang district of Yunnan Province, and participated in a cross-sectional survey on the growth indicators and the influencing factors. Binary Logistic regression model was used to find out the adverse factors affecting the health status of ethnic minority children. Results The prevalence rate of low body weight, developmental delays and dental caries increased with age. For 6- to 7-year-old children, the prevalence rates of low body weight, developmental retardation and dental caries were 9.7%,13.3% and 71.4%, respectively(χ2=11.327, 22.939, 58.067, P≤0.001). Binary Logistic regression showed that the risk of growth retardation in children of Lahu nationality was 4.332(95%CI:2.103 - 8.924) times higher than that of Han nationality after adjusting for age and family income. Conclusions The major problems affecting children's health inlclude low body weight, developmental delays and dental caries in Linxiang district, Yunnan Province, which should be paid more attention to from the government and relevant departments. Moreover, it is suggested to take regular follow-up visits and special case management, carry out disease prevention and treatment from multiple aspects and in many ways to improve children's health continuously.
关键词
少数民族 /
健康状况 /
学龄前儿童 /
低体重 /
发育迟缓
Key words
ethnic minorities /
health status /
preschool children /
low body weight /
developmental delay
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基金
华中科技大学自主创新科技扶贫专项(5003513021)
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