目的 探索教养方式与儿童睡眠问题的相关性,为基于教养方式的睡眠干预提供依据。方法 于2019年12月—2020年1月,采用整群方便取样,在北京、上海和成都三市抽取6所公办幼儿园与2所公办小学进行调查,由家长通过在线系统填写儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ),教养方式类型,以及社会人口学和家庭情况问卷,通过协方差分析和二元Logistic回归分析探索教养方式与儿童睡眠问题的关系。结果 共抽取3 861名儿童,平均年龄(5.57±2.28)岁,男、女童分别为2 007名(52.0%)、1 854名(48.0%)。溺爱型、适中型和严格型教养方式分别占4.6%、86.6%和8.8%。溺爱型教养的儿童CSHQ总分(F=44.77,P<0.001)和各维度分均高于严格型和适中型,睡眠问题更严重。相比适中型,溺爱型教养是儿童总体睡眠问题的危险因素(OR=3.62,95%CI:1.88～6.96),尤其是就寝抵抗(OR＝3.80,95%CI:2.51～5.75)。结论 教养方式与儿童睡眠问题密切相关,而溺爱型教养是儿童睡眠问题的危险因素,未来应加强教养方式的科普宣教和行为干预。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between parenting styles and children′s sleep problems,in order to provide reference for sleep intervention based on parenting style. Methods From December 2019 and January 2020,children from 6 kindergartens and 2 primary schools of three cities were recruited through convenient cluster sampling. Children′s parents were asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics,parenting styles and Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ) through online system. Covariance analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between parenting styles and children′s sleep problems. Results Totally 3 861 children aged (5.57±2.28) years were finally enrolled into the study,including 2 007 boys(52.0%) and1 854 girls(48.0%). The proportion of permissive,moderate and authoritative parenting was 4.6%,86.6% and 8.8%,respectively. After controlling socioeconomic status,children with permissive parenting scored higher on total scale(F=44.77,P<0.001) and eight subscales of CSHQ. Compared with moderate parenting,permissive parenting was a risk factor for children′s sleep problems(OR=3.62,95%CI:1.88 - 6.96),especially for sleep resistance(OR=3.80,95%CI:2.51 - 5.75). Conclusions Parenting style is associated with children′s sleep problems,of which permissive parenting is a risk factor for sleep problems. Thus,more sleep health education and behavioral intervention on parenting styles are needed.
关键词
教养方式 /
睡眠问题 /
儿童
Key words
parenting styles /
sleep problems /
children
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基金
国家自然科学基金(81773443;82073568);上海市教委专项(2020幼1-1);上海市教育科学研究重大项目(D1502);上海市科委重大专项(2018SHZDZX05);上海市科委(18JC1420305);上海市卫健委加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020 年-2022 年)(GWV-10.1-XK07)
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