目的 了解湘西州7～15岁苗族学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育特点,为增强少数民族学生体质提供参考。方法 2019年10—11月分层整群随机抽取湘西州7～15岁苗族学生1 064名,测量身高、体重和肱三头肌皮褶(TS)、肩胛下皮褶(SS)、腹部皮褶(AS)厚度。根据长岭和Brozek公式估算体成分。结果 随着年龄的增长,苗族学生皮褶均逐渐增厚,男生13岁、女生12岁后增幅明显;各年龄组女生TS、SS与AS均厚于男生,8岁(t=2.659、2.392、2.264)、11岁(t=3.317、3.251、3.179)、13岁(t=5.196、3.943、4.651)、14岁(t=5.941、4.630、3.228)和15岁(t=4.822、4.292、3.210)年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);体脂率、脂肪质量及其指数均值女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01);男女生瘦体质量及其指数年龄变化曲线逐渐上升并出现2次交叉;除男生体脂率外,体成分各指标与皮褶厚度均与年龄呈显著正相关(P<0.01);与8个族群比较,苗族男生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(9.22 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(7.33 mm)与怒江怒族较为接近,女生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(11.98 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(9.35 mm)与广东瑶族较为接近。结论 湘西州苗族农村学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育符合生长发育一般规律,皮下脂肪含量相对较少,并存在性别和年龄差异。

Objective To investigate the development characteristics of skinfold thickness and body composition of Miao students aged 7 to 15 in Xiangxi prefecture, so as to provide reference for improving physique of minority students. Methods A total of 1 064 Miao students aged 7 to 15 in Xiangxi prefecture were randomly selected by a stratified cluster method from October to November in 2019. Height, weight and the thickness of triceps skinfold (TS), subscapular skinfold (SS) and abdomen skinfold (AS) of students were measured. Body composition was estimated according to Changling and Brozek formulas. Results With the increase of age, the skinfold of Miao students gradually thickened, and the increase was obvious after 13 years old for boys and 12 years old for girls. TS, SS and AS of girls were thicker than those of boys at 8 years old (t=2.659, 2.392, 2.264, P<0.05), 11 years old (t=3.317, 3.251, 3.179, P<0.05), 13 years old (t=5.196, 3.943, 4.651, P<0.05), 14 years old (t=5.941, 4.630, 3.228, P<0.05) and 15 years old (t=4.822, 4.292, 3.210, P<0.05). The average body fat percentage, fat mass and index of female students were higher than those of male students (P<0.05 or <0.01). The age change curves of lean body mass and its index of male and female students gradually increased and crossed twice. Except for body fat percentage of male students, body composition and skin fold thickness were significantly positively correlated with age (P<0.01). Compared with the eight ethnic groups, the thickness of TS of Miao male (9.22 mm) was closer to that of Inner Mongolian Daur, and the thickness of SS (7.33 mm) was close to that of Nujiang Nu. While the thickness of TS of female (11.98 mm) was closer to that of Inner Mongolian Daur, and the thickness of SS (9.35 mm) was closer to that of Guangdong Yao. Conclusions The development of skin fold thickness and body composition in rural students of Miao nationality in Xiangxi prefecture of Hunan province conform to the general rule of growth and development. The subcutaneous fat content is relatively less, and there are gender and age differences.