目的 探索青少年焦虑情绪与父母教养方式的关系,为促进青少年心理健康提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样法,于2014—2018年对河南省新乡市6 195名初高中生进行一般社会资料问卷、父母教养方式问卷、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、Kutcher青少年抑郁量表(11项)评估。采用二分类Logistic回归分析,研究父母教养方式与青少年焦虑情绪的关联。结果 共6 194名青少年完成问卷,男性2 586名(41.8%),女性3 608名(58.2%),青少年焦虑情绪在男女性别中分布无明显差异(χ2=3.400,P>0.05)。青少年焦虑情绪与母亲关爱(OR=0.969,95%CI:0.953~0.984,P＜0.001)、母亲鼓励呈负相关(OR=0.974,95%CI:0.953~0.994,P=0.013);青少年焦虑情绪与母亲控制(OR=1.088,95%CI:1.064~1.113,P＜0.001)、父亲控制呈正相关(OR=1.042,95%CI:1.019~1.066,P＜0.001)。青少年焦虑共病抑郁情绪和母亲控制(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.035~1.096,P＜0.001)和父亲控制(OR=1.068,95%CI:1.038~1.099,P＜0.001)显著正相关。结论 父母教养方式中关爱是青少年焦虑的保护因素,控制是青少年焦虑的危险因素,尤其父亲控制是青少年的抑郁共病焦虑情绪的危险因素。
Abstract
Objective To study the relationship between adolescent anxiety and parenting styles,in order to provide reference for promoting adolescents' mental health. Method A cluster sampling method was adopted. Totally 6 195 junior and senior high school students in Xinxiang City of Henan Province was selected into this study from 2014 to 2017,and were assessed by general demographic data questionnaire,Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI),The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED) and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale-11( KADS-11). Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between adolescent anxiety and parenting styles. Results There were 6 194 valid questionnaires,including 2 586(41.8%) males and 3 608(58.2%) females. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of anxiety between male and female students(χ2=3.400,P>0.05). Adolescents' anxiety was negatively correlated with care(OR=0.969,95%CI:0.953 - 0.984,P＜0.001) and encouragement from mothers(OR=0.974,95%CI:0.953 - 0.994,P=0.013).However,adolescents' anxiety was positively related to maternal control(OR=1.088,95%CI:1.064 - 1.113,P< 0.001) and paternal control(OR=1.042,95%CI:1.019 - 1.066,P<0.001). There was also a significant positive correlation of comorbidity of anxiety and depression with maternal control(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.035 - 1.096,P<0.001) and paternal control(OR=1.068,95%CI:1.038 - 1.099,P<0.001). Conclusions Parental care is a protective factor for adolescent anxiety,while parental control is a risk factor,especially father control is a risk factor for comorbidity of anxiety and depression in adolescents.
关键词
焦虑情绪 /
控制 /
父母教养方式 /
青少年
Key words
anxiety /
control /
parenting styles /
adolescents
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基金
上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1445000);上海市哲学社会科学“十三五”规划(2019BSH012);上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心院级课题(2014-YJ-01)
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