目的 探讨云南农村妇女孕期膳食模式(DP)对婴儿认知发育的影响,为促进婴儿认知发育提供科学依据。方法 依托云南农村出生队列,建立双向性队列,收集孕期膳食资料,自2018年1月-2019年12月共追踪获得228对母子对。随访婴儿既往健康状况、辅食添加种类和主要照护者学历等信息。运用BSID-Ⅲ对婴儿满1岁时进行认知发育评估。采用主成分分析提取孕期DP,运用多元线性回归分析孕期DP对婴儿认知发育的影响。结果 孕早中晚期及合并孕中晚期均得到3种DP:腌制型、动物蛋白型、传统型。腌制型包括腌菜/酸菜、火腿/腌肉;动物蛋白型包括动物内脏、畜肉、禽肉、鱼虾;传统型包括土豆/红薯、米面及制品、蔬菜。228名婴儿认知发育平均得分为98.84±16.66,发育落后20人(8.8%)。多元线性回归分析显示,妇女孕期越偏向选择传统型DP,婴儿认知得分越低(β=-12.272,P=0.002)。主要照护者学历越高,婴儿认知得分越高(β=12.476,P=0.035)。结论 云南农村地区婴儿认知发育水平略低于其他地区,有待提高,孕期传统型DP会延缓婴儿认知发育。
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association between pregnant women's dietary patterns (DP) and cognitive development of infants, in order to provide reference for facilitating cognitive development of rural infants. Methods An ambispective cohort study on the effects of women's dietary patterns during pregnancy on infants' cognitive development was established based on a birth cohort study of rural areas in Yunnan, and maternal dietary information during pregnancy was collected.A total of 228 mother-child pairs were enrolled and followed in the study from January 2018 to December 2019.A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among infant's mother or primary caregivers, including infants' health status, supplementary foods, main caregivers and so on.Meanwhile, children's cognitive development at 12 months old was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition (BSID-Ⅲ).Women's dietary patterns during pregnancy were obtained through principal component analysis (PCA).Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of dietary patterns during pregnancy on infants' cognitive development. Results Three dietary patterns were extracted in three trimesters as well as in the combined second and third trimester of pregnancy, including pickled food(ham, Chinese sauerkraut), animal protein (animal organs, livestock meat, poultry meat, fish and shrimp) and traditional food (potato/sweet potato, rice, flour and related products, vegetables).The average score of cognitive development in 228 infants was 98.84±16.66, and 20 (8.8%) infants were detected with developmental delay.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that traditional dietary pattern was negatively associated with cognitive development of 12-month-old infants (β=-12.272, P=0.002), while primary caregivers with high school degree or above was positively associated with cognitive development of 12-month-old infants (β=12.476, P=0.035). Conclusions The cognitive development level of infants in rural Yunnan is slightly lower than other areas and needs to be improved.Traditional dietary pattern during pregnancy may delay the cognitive development of infants.
关键词
孕妇 /
膳食模式 /
农村地区 /
婴儿 /
认知发育
Key words
pregnant women /
dietary patterns /
rural area /
infants /
cognitive development
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