目的 探讨家庭喂养方式和父母负性情绪与儿童营养不良发生的相关性,指导家庭科学喂养和预防儿童营养不良发生。方法 选取2020年4-10月广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院收治的营养不良儿童75例为观察组,另取同期健康体检儿童77例为对照组。对两组儿童父母进行问卷调查,比较两组儿童饮食行为,分析家庭喂养方式、父母负性情绪与儿童营养不良发生的相关性。结果 饮食行为方面,营养不良儿童过饱响应(t=2.104)、食物响应(t=4.206)、食物喜好(t=9.099)、渴望饮料(t=4.435)均较对照组儿童评分低(P<0.05)。喂养方式中,营养不良组和对照组儿童在父母对儿童体重的感知(t=3.167)、逼迫进食(t=3.354)、监督饮食(t=3.726)上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母情绪方面,营养不良组儿童父母焦虑发生率较对照组儿童父母高(χ²=8.660, P=0.003)。父母对儿童体重的感知(r_s=0.246)、担心(r_s=0.213)、逼迫进食(r_s=0.254)、监督进食(r_s=0.284)、父母焦虑(r_s=0.218)、抑郁(r_s=0.334)与营养不良发生呈正相关(P<0.05)。校正混杂因素后,父母对儿童体重的感知、逼迫进食、监督进食、父母抑郁是营养不良发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,父母对儿童体重的感知、逼迫进食、监督进食、父母抑郁预测儿童营养不良发生的AUC分别为0.639、0.645、0.669和0.692(P<0.05)。结论 家庭喂养方式和父母焦虑、抑郁情绪与儿童营养不良发生有关,临床可通过调整家庭喂养方式缓解父母负性情绪,帮助儿童纠正不良饮食行为,减少营养不良发生风险。

Objective To analyze the correlation of family feeding style and negative emotion of parents with childhood malnutrition, in order to guide family scientific feeding and to prevent the occurrence of malnutrition in children. Methods A total of 75 malnourished children in Maternal Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region from April to October 2020 were enrolled in this study. And 77 healthy children during the same period were selected into the control group. The parents of children in two groups were investigated by questionnaire. The difference in children's eating behavior was compared, and the correlation of family feeding pattern and negative emotions of parents with childhood malnutrition was analyzed. Results In terms of eating behavior, the scores of oversatiation response (t=2.104), food response (t=4.206), food preference (t=9.099) and craving for drinks (t=4.435) of malnourished children were lower than those of children in the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the malnutrition group and control group in the parents'perception of children's weight (t=3.167), forced eating (t=3.354) and supervised eating (t=3.726) in terms of family feeding pattern (P<0.05). In the emotion of parents, the incidence of anxiety in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the control group (χ²=8.660, P=0.003). Parents'perception of their children's weight (r_s=0.246), worry (r_s=0.213), forced eating (r_s=0.254), supervised eating (r_s=0.284), anxiety of parents (r_s =0.218), depression (r_s =0.334) were positively correlated with the occurrence of malnutrition (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, parents'perception of children's weight, forced eating, supervised eating and depression were independently influencing factors for the occurrence of malnutrition (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values of parents'perception of children's weight, forced eating, supervised eating and depression in predicting the occurrence of child malnutrition were 0.639, 0.645, 0.669 and 0.692, respectively(P<0.05). Conclusions Family feeding patterns and anxiety of parents are associated with malnutrition of children. It is supposed to adjust family feeding patterns, relieve negative emotions of parents, and assist children to correct their bad diet behavior, thereby reducing the risk of malnutrition.