学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的干预进展

朱佩滢; 王瑜

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0610

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中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12) : 1332-1335. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0610

综述

学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的干预进展

朱佩滢, 王瑜

作者信息 +

Intervention progress in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children

ZHU Pei-ying, WANG Yu

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童时期常见的神经发育障碍性疾病,以注意力不集中、多动及冲动为主要症状,在学龄前期主要表现为多动。ADHD对患儿的学业成绩、人际交往、身心发育等多方面产生严重负面影响,并可持续到青春期或成年期。早期干预可以减轻ADHD核心症状,减少共患病发生率。目前学龄前ADHD的干预手段包括行为治疗、物理治疗、药物治疗等。药物治疗可明显改善ADHD核心症状,但无法改善学龄前儿童的社交和情绪问题,且药物副反应会造成成瘾、依从性差等问题。行为治疗不仅可以改善患儿的社交功能和情绪,减轻父母养育压力,且不存在药物副作用等问题,成为当下的研究热点。本文对学龄前ADHD儿童的干预进展进行综述。

Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood,with inattention,hyperactivity and impulsivity as the main symptoms,and it is mainly manifested as hyperactivity in preschool period. ADHD has a seriously negative impact on children′s academic performance,interpersonal communication,physical and mental development and other aspects,and can continue to adolescence or adulthood. Early intervention can reduce the core symptoms of ADHD and reduce the incidence of comorbidities. Current interventions for preschool ADHD include behavioral therapy,physical therapy and drug therapy. Drug treatment can significantly improve the core symptoms of ADHD,but it can not improve the social interaction and executive functions of preschool children,and the side reactions of drugs can cause problems such as drug addiction and poor compliance. Behavior therapy can not only improve children′s social function and emotional problems,reduce the pressure of parenting,but also have no problems such as drug side reactions,which has become a current research hotspot. This article reviews the intervention progress in ADHD in preschool children.

导出引用

朱佩滢, 王瑜. 学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的干预进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志. 2022, 30(12): 1332-1335 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0610

ZHU Pei-ying, WANG Yu. Intervention progress in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2022, 30(12): 1332-1335 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0610

中图分类号： R749.94

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基金

上海市卫生健康委员会老龄化和妇儿健康研究专项计划(2020YJZX0207);上海市卫生健康委员会公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)重点学科建设项目子课题(GWV-10.1-XK14-1); 上海市卫生健康委员会公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)重点学科建设项目子课题(GWV-10.1-XK19-1)