目的 了解天津市3~7岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童生长发育状况,为改善ASD儿童生长发育提供参考依据。方法 2016-2019年整群抽取天津市221名3~7岁ASD儿童进行体格测量,各项指标依据2015年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育和2008年WHO儿童生长发育标准转化为Z评分,以评价ASD儿童的体格和营养状况,采用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评估ASD儿童症状严重程度。结果 天津市ASD儿童超重/肥胖率为19.0%,年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)、年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄别体重指数Z评分(BAZ)分布曲线向右偏移,胸围及腰围的Z评分分布曲线向+3s外延伸,坐高的Z评分分布曲线向左偏移,呈现生长偏离趋势。男童WAZ(Z=2.053,P<0.05)及超重/肥胖率(χ2=6.572,P<0.05)高于女童,6~7岁组超重/肥胖率高于3~岁和4~岁组(P<0.05),不同ASD症状严重程度间营养状况的差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.321,P>0.05)。结论 天津市ASD儿童超重/肥胖检出率较高,存在体格生长偏离,应加强ASD儿童生长发育监测和肥胖的早期干预。
Abstract
Objective To understand the growth and development status of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) aged 3-7 years in Tianjin, in order to provide reference for improving their growth and development. Methods A total of 221 ASD children aged 3—7 years were selected to take physical examination by cluster sampling in Tianjin.All indicator values were converted to Z-scores using the physical growth and development of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China in 2015 and WHO child growth standard.The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess the severity of ASD. Results The overweight and obesity rate of ASD children in Tianjin was 19.0%.The distribution curves of weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z-score(HAZ),BMI for age Z-score(BAZ) all shifted to the right side.The Z-score distribution curves of chest circumference and waist circumference extended beyond +3s, and the Z-score distribution curve of sitting height shifted to the left side, showing a growth deviation in ASD children.The WAZ (Z=2.053, P<0.05) and the ratio of overweight and obesity (χ2=6.572,P<0.05) in boys was higher than those of girls.The overweight and obesity rate of 6- to 7-year-old group was significantly higher than that of 3-year-old and 4-year-old group(P<0.05).But there was no significant difference in the level of nutritional status among different severity groups of ASD children (χ2=5.321,P>0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of overweight and obesity in ASD children in Tianjin is relatively high, and the deviation of physical growth exists in ASD children.So it is necessary to strengthen the growth and development monitoring and the intervention of obesity.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
儿童 /
体格发育 /
肥胖
Key words
autism spectrum disorders /
children /
physical development /
obesity
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