目的 了解沈阳市4~6岁学龄前儿童行为问题现状并分析其影响因素,为儿童心理行为问题的预防提供依据。方法 选取沈阳市9区18所幼儿园36个班级4~6岁儿童作为研究对象,发放基本情况调查表、困难问卷(QCD)。根据QCD问卷调查结果,将儿童分为功能受损组(QCD得分＜30分)和非功能受损组(QCD得分≥30分),针对个人和家庭因素进行单因素分析,对有差异的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 共发放问卷900份,回收877份,合格问卷834份。总体功能受损率为13.3%,其中男童功能受损率为15.1%(67/443),女童功能受损率为11.3%(44/391),男女功能受损率之比为1.34∶1。4、5、6岁功能受损率分别为17.9%、12.6%、10.7%。多因素分析显示,哀求式沟通(OR=5.878, 95%CI:1.626~21.253)、做作业时间30~60 min (OR=2.372, 95%CI:1.146~4.908)为行为问题的危险因素,年龄为5岁(OR=0.261, 95%CI: 0.137~0.497)、6岁(OR=0.522, 95%CI:0.295~0.923)、溺爱型教育(OR=0.231, 95%CI:0.068~0.783)为儿童行为问题的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 沈阳市4~6岁儿童行为问题较为严重,影响因素复杂,可提前规避相应危险因素,早期预防儿童心理行为疾病的发生。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of behavioral problems of preschool children aged 4 to 6 years in Shenyang, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for preventing behavioral problems. Methods Preschool children aged 4 to 6 years in 36 classes of 18 kindergartens from 9 districts of Shenyang City were selected as the study subjects, and the basic situation questionnaire and Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties (QCD) were distributed. According to the score of QCD questionnaire, children were divided into functional impairment group (QCD＜30) and non-functional impairment group (QCD≥30). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted for analyzing the factors associated with behavior problems. Results A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed, of which 877 were returned and 834 were qualified. The overall rate of functional impairment was 13.3%. The rate of functional impairment in boys and girls was 15.1% (67/443) and 11.3% (44/391), with the ratio of 1.34∶1. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that begging communication(OR=5.878, 95%CI:1.626 - 21.253) and homework time of 30 to 60 minutes(OR=2.372, 95%CI:1.146 - 4.908) were risk factors for children's behavioral problems, while age of 5 to 6 years old(5 years old OR=0.261, 95%CI: 0.137 - 0.497; 6 years old OR=0.522, 95%CI:0.295 - 0.923) and doting education(OR=0.231, 95%CI:0.068 - 0.783) were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusions The behavioral problems of 4- to 6-year-old children in Shenyang are prevalent, and the influencing factors are complex. It is supposed to avoid the corresponding risk factors in advance and prevent the occurrence of children's psychological and behavioral diseases in early stage.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
行为问题 /
困难问卷
Key words
preschool children /
behavior problems /
Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties
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