目的 探讨父母喂养行为对学龄前儿童挑食的影响,检验儿童气质在其中的调节作用。 方法 2020年6月采取方便抽样对上海市浦东新区6所幼儿园442名3~6岁学龄前儿童家长进行问卷调查。调查内容包括家长喂养行为、儿童挑食及儿童气质(生气沮丧、抑制控制)。 结果 父母鼓励健康饮食负向预测儿童挑食(β=-0.270,P＜0.001),父母以食物为奖励正向预测儿童挑食(β=0.210,P＜0.001);儿童生气沮丧特质分别调节父母鼓励健康饮食(β=0.125,t=2.207,P＜0.05)、以食物为奖励(β=0.141,t=3.465,P＜0.001)与儿童挑食之间的关系;儿童抑制控制在其中的调节作用不显著。 结论 父母某些喂养行为与儿童挑食关系密切,且这种关系会因儿童气质中的情绪倾向性而有所不同。对于容易生气沮丧的学龄前儿童,家长多采用鼓励健康饮食,少用以食物为奖励的行为,可能有助于减少这类儿童的挑食问题。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationships between parental feeding practices and children's picky eating,and to test the moderating effects of children's temperament between them. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a convenient sample of 442 parents with their preschool children aged 3—6 years in Pudong New District of Shanghai in June 2020. The questionnaire consisted of the Chinese Preschoolers' Caregivers' Feeding Behavior Scale,Child Feeding Questionnaire,Chinese Preschoolers' Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Results Parental encouragement of healthy eating was negatively associated with children's picky eating(β=-0.270,P＜0.001),and parental use food as a reward was positively associated with children's picky eating(β=0.210,P＜0.001). Children's anger/frustration was found to significantly moderate the relationship between parental encouragement of healthy eating and children's picky eating(β=0.125,t=2.207,P＜0.05),as well as the relationship between using food as a reward and children's picky eating(β=0.141,t=3.465,P＜0.001). The moderating effect of children's inhibitory control was not statistically significant. Conclusions The relationships between parental feeding practices(encouragement of healthy eating and using food as a reward) and children's picky eating are moderated by children's negative emotion(anger/frustration). Thus,parents should take children's negative emotion into consideration and adopt suitable feeding practices,such as encouragement of healthy eating instead of using food as a reward,so as to reduce the likelihood of children's picky eating.
关键词
父母 /
喂养行为 /
挑食 /
儿童气质 /
调节作用
Key words
parents /
feeding practices /
picky eating /
children's temperament /
moderating effect
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