目的 了解济宁市农村中学生抑郁症状现状,探讨童年期不良经历对青少年抑郁症状的影响。方法 2019年3—4月随机抽取济宁市2所农村初级中学的学生为研究对象,采用儿童期虐待问卷(CTQ-SF)、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)进行问卷调查。结果 715名农村初中生抑郁症状≥16分者218人(30.5%);家庭结构、家庭月收入影响抑郁自评得分(F=7.397、4.169、P<0.05),不同性别、年级、是否为独生子女、留守状况的学生抑郁自评得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年级、家庭结构、家庭月收入、留守状态的学生童年期不良经历得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童期不良经历与抑郁症状得分呈正相关(r=0.198～0.481,P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,父母离异(b=7.037)、家庭月收入5 000元以下(b=2.219、2.212)、儿童期遭受情感虐待(b=1.555)、性虐待(b=0.615)和情感忽视(b=0.203)与中学生抑郁症状呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 济宁市农村中学生存在一定程度的抑郁症状。童年期不良经历会增加青少年抑郁症状的风险,减少儿童期不良经历的发生有利于改善青少年抑郁症状。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among rural middle school students in Jining City,and to explore the influence of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) on adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods From March to April 2019,students in 2 junior middle schools in Jining City were randomly selected. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ-SF) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) were used to investigate the psychological conditions of students. Results Among 715 rural junior high school students,218(30.5%) had depressive symptoms.Students had significantly different self-rating depression scores in different family structure and family income groups(F=7.397,4.169, P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in self-rating depression scores among different gender,grade,only child or not,and left behind status groups(P＞0.05). Significant differences were found in the scores of adverse childhood experience among different grade,family structure,monthly family income and left-behind status groups(P＜0.05).Adverse childhood experiences were positively correlated with depressive symptom(r=0.198—0.481,P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parents' divorce(b=7.037),family monthly income <5 000 yuan(b=2.219,2.212),emotional abuse in childhood(b=1.555),sexual abuse(b=0.615)and emotional neglect(b=0.203) were positively related to depressive symptoms(P<0.05). Conclusions There are some depressive symptoms in rural middle school students in Jining City. Adverse childhood experience may increase the risk of adolescent depressive symptoms,so it is supposed to reduce the occurrence of adverse childhood experience in order to improve adolescent depressive symptoms.
关键词
青少年 /
中学生 /
童年期不良经历 /
抑郁
Key words
adolescent /
middle school students /
adverse childhood experiences /
depression
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基金
山东省医药卫生科技发展项目(2015WS0419);济宁医学院教师科研扶持基金项目(JYFC2018KJ050,JYFC2019FJS006)
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