目的 了解石家庄地区3~6岁学龄前儿童生长发育情况,分析影响学龄前儿童生长发育的影响因素。方法 收集2018—2019年石家庄各区县学龄前儿童的体检数据,采用我国2005年九大城市儿童体格发育生长标准作为参考值,评价学龄前儿童的身高和体重发育情况。结果 1)共收集49 644例学龄前儿童的有效体检数据,其中男童25 885例(52.1%),女童23 759例(47.9%)。2)其中体重过轻(<P₃)的儿童有1 212人(2.4%),体重过重(<P₉₇)的5 353人(10.8%);身高过矮(<P₃)的儿童有1 497人(3.0%),身高过高(>P₉₇)的儿童有6 876人(13.9%)。3)母儿ABO血型不符(OR=0.671,95%CI:0.481~0.935,P＝0.019)、出生体重偏低(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.443~0.674,P<0.001)、出生时身高偏低(OR=0.335,95%CI:0.272~0.414,P<0.001)是学龄前儿童身高过矮的独立相关因素;出生时身高过矮(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269~0.404,P<0.001)、体重过轻(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269~0.404,P<0.001)是学龄前儿童体重过轻的独立相关因素。结论 与2005年九市的标准相比较,石家庄地区3~6岁学龄前儿童的生长发育情况高于全国城市学龄前儿童的平均水平;学龄前儿童的身高和体重发育不良受到出生时身高和体重的影响;应重视学龄前儿童的生长发育的三级预防及孕产期高危因素管理。

Objective To understand the growth and development of 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Shijiazhuang area, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods The physical examination data of preschool children in various districts and counties of Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2019 were collected. The physical development and growth standards of children in nine major cities in China in 2005 were used as reference values to evaluate the height and weight development of preschool children. Results 1) A total of 49 644 preschool children with valid data on physical examination were enrolled in this study, including 25 885 boys (52.1%) and 23 759 girls (47.9%).2) Among them, 1 212 (2.4%) were underweight children(＜P₃), 5 353 (10.8%) were overweight(＞P₉₇), 1 497 (3.0%) were too short(＜P₃), and 6 876(13.9%) were overheight (＞P₉₇). 3) Inconsistent ABO blood type between mother and child (OR=0.671, 95%CI:0.481—0.935,P=0.019), low birth weight(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.443—0.674,P<0.001), low birth height(OR=0.335,95% CI:0.272—0.414,P<0.001) were independent related factors for preschool children with short stature. Children who were too short at birth (OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269—0.404,P<0.001) and underweight ( OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269—0.404,P<0.001) were related factors for underweight in preschool children. Conclusions Compared with the standards of the nine cities in 2005, the growth and development of 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Shijiazhuang area is higher than the average level of preschool children in other cities across the country. The height and weight development of preschool children are affected by the height and weight at birth. Attention should be paid to the three-level prevention of the growth and development of preschool children and the management of high-risk factors during pregnancy and childbirth.