目的 分析郑州市小学生行为问题状况及其家庭相关影响因素,为有针对性的开展小学生行为问题的干预提供借鉴和依据。方法 于2019年6月在郑州市5个行政辖区12所小学整群随机抽取3 180名小学生,使用Conners 父母症状问卷(PSQ)和自行设计的儿童一般情况问卷进行评定,并进行统计学分析。结果 发放问卷3 180份,合格资料3 063份,有效率为96.3%,行为问题检出者588人(19.2%);其中男生1 669人,检出行为问题者349人(20.9%),女生1 394人,检出行为问题者248人(17.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.646,P=0.031)。与六年级儿童相比,五、四、二、一年级儿童发生行为问题的危险性增高[OR值(95% CI)分别为0.617(0.449~0.846)、0.633(0.474~0.845)、0.377(0.263~0.540)、0.281(0.204~0.388,P<0.01)]。与父亲沉溺网络相比,父亲不沉溺网络的儿童发生行为问题危险性降低(OR=0.647,95%CI=0.498~0.840,P＝0.001);与母亲职业是干部的儿童相比,母亲职业是教师、农民的儿童发生行为问题的危险性降低[OR值(95% CI)分别为0.578(0.342~0.977)、0.349(0.219~0.555),P<0.05 or <0.01)]。结论 郑州市小学生行为问题检出率较高,需要进一步关注;性别、年级、父亲是否沉溺网络和母亲职业均是郑州市小学生行为问题发生的影响因素。
Abstract
Objective To explore behavior problems of pupils in Zhengzhou and analysis of its family related influencing factors,and to provide reference and basis for targeted intervention of behavioral problems of primary school students.Methods A total of 3 180 pupils were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Zhengzhou in June of 2019.Using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaires (PSQ) and self-designed children common condition Scale to evaluate behavior problems and make statistical analysis.Results A total of 3 180 questionnaires were issued,and 3 063 valid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 96.3%.588 pupils' behavior problems were positive (19.2%).Among them,1 669 were male,349 (20.9%) were found to have behavioral problems,and 1394 were female,and 248 (17.8%) were found to have behavioral problems,the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.646,P=0.031).Compared with the sixth grade children,there was no significant difference in the detection rate of behavioral problems in the third grade [Odds Ratio (OR)=0.910,95% CI:0.648-1.210],but there was significant difference in the detection rate of behavioral problems in fifth grade,fourth grade,second grade,first grade [OR (95% CI) were 0.617(0.449-0.846),0.633(0.474-0.845),0.377(0.263-0.540),0.281(0.204-0.388) respectively,P<0.01].Compared with the father addicted to the Internet,the detection rate of behavioral problems in the children whose father did not indulge in the Internet was lower,and the difference was statistically significant(OR=0.647,95% CI:0.498-0.840,P=0.001).Compared with the children whose mother's occupation was a cadre,there was a statistically significant difference between the mother's occupation was teacher and farmer[OR (95% CI) were 0.578(0.342-0.977),0.349(0.219-0.555) respectively,P<0.05 or <0.01].Conclusions The detection rate of behavior problem of pupils in zhengzhou is high and it need further attention.Gender,grades,whether the father was is indulged in the internet and mother's occupation are the influencing factors of behavior problems of pupils in Zhengzhou.
关键词
小学生 /
行为问题 /
家庭相关因素 /
Conners父母症状问卷
Key words
pupils /
behavior problem /
family related influencing factors /
Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaires
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 李雪荣.儿童行为与情绪障碍[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[2] 孙文喜,董成龙,袁颖,等.Rutter儿童行为问卷调查的中国普通学龄儿童行为问题发生率Meta分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2018,32(9):744-752.
[3] Murray J,Anselmi L,Gallo EAG,et al.Epidemiology of childhood conduct problems in Brazil:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Soc Psych Psych Epid,2013,48(10):1527-1538.
[4] Sitnick SL,Galán CA,Shaw DS.Early childhood predictors of boys' antisocial and violent behavior in early adulthood[J].Infant Ment Health J,2019,40(1):67-83.
[5] Simonoff E,Elander J,Holmshaw J,et al.Predictors of antisocial personality:Continuities from childhood to adult life[J].Brit J Psychiat,2004,184(2):118-127.
[6] Dodge KA,Bierman KL,Coie JD,et al.Impact of early intervention on psychopathology,crime,and well-being at age 25[J].AM J Psychiat,2015,172(1):59-70.
[7] Weitzman C,Wegner L.Promoting optimal development:screening for behavioral and emotional problems[J].Pediatrics,2015,135(2):384-395.
[8] Gianarris WJ,Golden CJ,Greene L.The Conners' Parent Rating Scales:a critical review of the literature[j].Clin Psychol Rev,2001,21(7):1061-1093.
[9] 范娟,杜亚松,王立伟.Conners父母用症状问卷的中国城市常模和信度研究[J].上海精神医学,2005,17(6):321-323.
[10] 戚艳杰,李斌,张之霞,等.北京市6～16岁儿童社会能力及行为问题调查分析[J].中国医刊,2018,53(5):539-542.
[11] 李斌,戚艳杰,周玉明,等.怀柔某小学6～11岁儿童社会能力及心理行为问题的调查[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2017,28(1):9-11.
[12] 闫俊娟,凌文琪,郑毅,等.2015年北京市城区小学生行为问题流行病学特征调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2019,33(1):43-46.
[13] 赵蓓,章皎洁,姚洪秀,等.镇江市6～16岁儿童青少年行为问题检出率及社会能力调查[J].四川精神卫生,2018,31(4):324-327.
[14] Shaw DS,Sitnick SL,Brennan LM,et al.The long-term effectiveness of the Family Check-Up on school-age conduct problems:Moderation by neighborhood deprivation[J].Dev Psychopathol,2016,28(4pt2):1471-1486.
[15] Alexandra Burt S,Klahr AM,Neale MC,et al.Maternal warmth and directiveness jointly moderate the etiology of childhood conduct problems[J].J Child Psychol Psyc,2013,54(10):1030-1037.
[16] 王硕,赫英英,田甜,等.山东省农村3～6岁儿童情绪和行为问题调查分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(6):583-585,590.
[17] 郭彬,汪心海,徐凌忠,等.山东省农村学龄前儿童心理健康状况及影响因素[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2015,53(1):87-92.
[18] 潘秋飞,张宇.温州市416例3～6岁儿童行为问题的相关因素分析[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2020,31(5):586-590.
[19] 王惠.中小学生静态行为及其与主观幸福感的关系研究[J].中国健康教育,2020,36(6):540-544.
[20] 黄永玲,张唯敏,方亮.安徽省学龄前儿童行为问题现况调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2018,33(11):2559-2561.
基金
河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(2018020666)
PDF(553 KB)
