目的 分析新疆地区主诉为“听力或者言语发育迟缓”的儿童客观听力学检测结果,为儿童听力筛查工作的开展提供参考。方法 收集2018年1月—2019年12月期间于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院耳鼻喉诊疗中心耳科就诊的主诉为“听力或者言语发育迟缓”的儿童530名,分别利用短声听性脑干反应,短纯音听性脑干反应、声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射进行客观听力学评估。结果 听力正常儿童161例(30.38%),有听力损失者369名(69.62%)。其中单耳听力损失者35例(6.60%),双耳听力损失者334例(63.02%),79.13%为重度和极重度听力损失,不同民族间重度和极重度听力损失儿童所占比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。感应神经性听力损失318例,传导性听力损失51例。369名听力损失儿童平均确诊年龄(3.75±1.38)岁,汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族中听力损失儿童确诊年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=9.411,P＜0.01),维吾尔族显著晚于汉族和回族(P＜0.01),哈萨克族显著晚于维吾尔族(P=0.007),但回、汉族间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本地区应尽快建立完善的听力筛查、诊治、随访一体化网络平台,同时开展儿童听力筛查工作,使听力损失儿童能够被早发现、早诊断、早干预。

Objective To analyze the objective hearing results of children with complaints of hearing or speech retardation in Xinjiang,in order to provide references for the development of children's hearing screening. Methods During January 2018 to December 2019,530 children with complaints of hearing or speech retardation were collected from Otolaryngology Department of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The objective hearing of children was evaluated by click evoked auditory brainstem response,tone-burst evoked auditory brainstem response,distortion product otoacoustic emissions and tympanometry. Results There were 161 children with normal hearing (30.38%) and 369 children with hearing loss (69.62%). Among them,35 cases (6.60%) had monaural hearing loss and 334 cases (63.02%) had binaural hearing loss,79.13% of them had severe or very severe hearing loss,and there was no statistically significant difference between the proportion of children with severe or very severe hearing loss among different ethnic groups (P>0.05). There were 318 cases of sensorineural hearing loss and 51 cases of conductive hearing loss. The mean age at diagnosis was (3.75±1.38) years old for 369 children with hearing loss,and the difference was statistically significant among Han,Uyghur,Kazakh and Hui(F=9.411,P<0.01),with Uyghur being significantly later than Han and Hui (P<0.01),and the Kazakhs being significantly later than the Uyghurs (P=0.007). But there was no statistically significant difference between Hui and Han (P＞0.05). Conclusions This region should establish a perfect network platform of hearing screening,diagnosis and treatment,and follow-up. At the same time,it is supposed to carry out children's hearing screening as soon as possible,so that more children with hearing loss can receive early detection,early diagnosis,and early intervention.