目的 了解上海市0~3岁婴幼儿托育服务需求、利用和供给现状,找准差距,为增加0~3岁婴幼儿托育服务有效供给提供对策建议。 方法 本研究采用分层多阶段抽样方法,抽取上海市部分区的社区卫生服务中心儿保科以及妇幼保健院儿保门诊,由门诊医生让前来体检和就诊的0~3岁儿童家长填写线上问卷,共收集有效问卷2 101份。 结果 上海市0~3岁婴幼儿托育服务需求率为44.5%(750/1 686),90%以上家长希望托育机构设在社区并提供早期教育服务,61.8%(463/750)的家庭可承受入托最高费用在3 000元及以下/月。0~3岁婴幼儿托育服务的利用率为19.8%,上海市可提供托育服务的机构共有737家,其中获得托育服务许可告知书的托育机构204家,带托班的幼儿园496家,托儿所37家。家长报告的托育机构每月收费在3 000元及以下的仅占21.4%(89/415),在3 000~7 000元之间的占72.8%(302/415)。此外,已获得托育许可告知书的托育机构登记的月平均收费为7 536元,3 000元及以下/月的仅占27.6%。结论 上海市的托育服务需求较高,供给模式多样化,托育服务的利用率和供给近年有所提升,但低年龄段幼儿托育服务需求与供给不均衡,实收托育费用高于家长预期,提示应对准需求点,大力发展普惠性托育和社区托育,提高托育服务的有效供给。

Objective To clarify the demand, utilization and supply of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services for children aged 0 to 3 years in Shanghai, in order to provide evidence for giving related suggestions. Methods Departments of Children Health Care in community in health care centers of Shanghai were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling method.The outpatient doctors asked parents of children aged 0 to 3 years who came to the clinic to fill out an online questionnaire.A total of 2 101 parents of children aged 0 to 3 years were recruited and completed the questionnaire survey. Results The demand rate of ECEC services for children aged 0 to 3 years in Shanghai was 44.5% (750/1 686).Over 90% of families preferred to community-based ECEC service and early education services offered by ECEC institutions.And 61.8% (463/750) of families had a maximum affordable cost ≤3 000 yuan per month.The utilization rate of ECEC services for children aged 0 to 3 years in Shanghai was 19.8%.There were 737 institutions in Shanghai that could provide ECEC services, including 204 institutions with notification of ECEC services, 496 kindergartens offered ECEC service for children under 3 years old, and 37 nurseries.Only 21.4% (89/415) of parents reported monthly fee of ECEC institutions ≤3 000 yuan, and 72.8%(89/415) of parents reported fee between 3 001—7 000 yuan per month.The finding showed that the mean fee for the institutions obtained official permission of establishment was 7 536 yuan per month, and only 27.6% of those kind institutions charged ≤3 000 yuan a month per month. Conclusions The utilization and supply of ECEC services have been increased by offering various forms of services in Shanghai.However, the gap still exists between demand and supply, and the cost of ECEC services is higher than what parents expected, suggesting that developing assessable community-based and affordable services may increase the effective supply of ECEC in Shanghai.