目的 分析柳州市中小学生尿铅水平及影响因素,为制定预防铅暴露的措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年10—11月选取柳州市4城区12所学校的2 047名中小学生为研究对象,收集尿标本,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定尿铅浓度,并采用多重线性回归分析尿铅浓度的影响因素。结果 所有研究对象尿铅的检出率为99.80%,几何均数为2.147 μg/g 肌酐。6~11岁年龄组尿铅浓度最高,与12~15、16~17岁比较差异有统计学意义(H=270.003, Ρ<0.001);女生尿铅浓度显著高于男生(Z＝-2.046,P=0.041)。多因素分析结果显示,经常吃淡水鱼、吃路边摊、以零食代替正餐和看电子产品与尿铅浓度呈正相关(β=0.947、1.250、1.056、1.262,P<0.05);经常吃蔬菜和水果与尿铅浓度呈负相关(β=-0.866、-0.951,P<0.05)。 结论 柳州市中小学生的尿铅水平受年龄、居住环境、生活习惯和饮食习惯等多种因素的影响,学校有必要开展相关健康宣教,减少铅暴露对儿童健康的危害。
Abstract
Objective To explore the status and influencing factors for urine lead level of primary and middle school students in Liuzhou city. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 047 primary and middle school students from 12 schools of 4 areas as participants from October 2018 to November 2018. Urine samples were collected and the urine levels were tested by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze related risk factors affecting urine lead levels. Results The detection rate of urine lead was 99.80%, and the geometrical mean of urinary lead level was 2.147 μg/g creatinine. The level of serum lead in children at the age of 6—11 years old was significantly higher than other groups (H=270.003, P<0.001), and the urine lead level of girls was significantly higher than that of boys (Z＝-2.046, P=0.041). Multivariate analysis showed that often having freshwater fish, street food and snacks, and playing electronics were positively correlated with urinary lead level(β=0.947、1.250、1.056、1.262,P<0.05), while often eating vegetables and fruits were negatively related to urinary lead level(β=-0.866、-0.951,P<0.05). Conclusions Urine lead level of children in Liuzhou is influenced by many factors, such as age, the house dwelling, children's behavior habit and dieting habit. Relevant health education should be widely provided to children and parents, so as to reduce the hazard of lead for children.
关键词
中小学生 /
尿铅 /
影响因素
Key words
primary and middle school students /
urine lead /
influencing factors
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基金
柳州市科学研究与技术开发计划(2017BD20201)
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