运动、饮食和睡眠构成了儿童每天24 h自然养育的3个要素。学龄前儿童的运动与其骨骼、心肺健康、动作和认知发展、以及社会心理健康等各方面均密切相关,并且也将持续影响着成年后乃至一生的健康。近几年来,加拿大、澳大利亚等发达国家和世界卫生组织相继推出儿童早期(涵盖出生至学龄前阶段)的运动指南,而我国尚无学龄前儿童运动指南。为此,首都儿科研究所、北京体育大学及国家体育总局体育科学研究所联合运动科学、儿科学和公共卫生领域的专家组成指南工作组。指南研制全过程遵循了严谨、透明的指导原则,借鉴指南研究与评价工具(AGREE II),采用文献资料法,在全面检索文献和整理国外学龄前儿童运动相关指南及研究证据的基础上,形成指南推荐意见的核心内容。通过共识会议反复讨论修订,最终完成《学龄前儿童(3～6岁)运动指南》(以下简称《指南》)。该指南是我国首次研制针对学龄前儿童的运动指南,适用于健康的3~6岁学龄前儿童,应用人群为儿童保健专业人员、幼儿园教师及儿童家长。《指南》遵循了国际身体活动指南的发展趋势,全面考虑了学龄前儿童1天24 h的各种活动行为,包括运动、久坐行为以及睡眠,从学龄前儿童运动原则、运动时间、运动类型以及运动监测与评估4个方面提出10条推荐意见,为我国学龄前儿童科学和安全的运动以满足其身体发育需求提供专业指导。
Abstract
Physical activity in preschool period is closely related with the development of bone,cardiopulmonary health,motor,cognition and mental health. Moreover,it will continue to influence their health throughout the course of life. Over the past few years,some developed countries,like Canada and Australia,and World Health Organization have published their physical activity guidelines for children in early childhood. However,there are not yet physical activity guidelines for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Preschoolers (3-6 years old),hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines",was jointly developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing Sport University,and China Institute of Sports Science from General Administration of Sport of China under an expert team from sports science,pediatrics and public health. The process of developing the Guidelines follows strict and transparent principle,drawing on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Ⅱ instrument,adopting the method of literature materials,and sorting out the relevant guidelines and research evidence of foreign preschool children on the basis of systematically searching,forming the core issues and the draft of the recommendations of the guidelines. After repeated discussions and revisions through five rounds of expert consensus meetings,the Guidelines was finally completed. As the first physical activity guideline for preschoolers in China,the Guidelines comprehensively considers movement behaviors of preschoolers in 24 hours of daily life,including physical activity,sedentary behavior and sleep. On this basis,it raises ten key recommendations in four aspects including the principles of preschool children′s physical activity,physical activity time,types of physical activity,and physical activity monitoring and evaluation. The Guidelines provides recommendations for parents,health care professionals,kindergarten teachers and parents,so as to give professional guidance on scientific and safe physical activities for Chinese preschoolers and meet their developmental needs.
关键词
运动 /
身体活动 /
久坐 /
睡眠 /
指南 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
movement /
physical activity /
sedentary behavior /
sleep /
guidelines /
preschooler
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基金
北京市落实中央引导地方科技创新专项资金项目(Z171100000117001)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金北京体育大学自主科研课题(2018PT012)
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