随着医疗水平的进步,早产儿的存活率不断增加,但幸存的早产儿因各器官系统发育不完善,更易受到外界不良因素的影响,所面临的各种生后并发症的风险更大,特别是神经发育损伤,如脑性瘫痪、认知障碍、自闭症及执行功能障碍等,给家庭、社会及卫生系统带来沉重的负担。本文通过对早产儿神经发育特点、神经发育评估方法以及早期干预措施进行系统综述,为临床早期准确识别有神经系统损伤的早产儿、并对不同早产儿进行个体化的早期干预训练提供依据,以期改善早产儿的预后。
Abstract
With the improvement of medical treatment level, the survival rate of premature infants is continuously increasing.However, the surviving premature infants are more vulnerable to external adverse factors due to the imperfect development of various organs and systems, and face greater risks of various complications, especially neurodevelopmental injuries, such as cerebral palsy, cognitive disorders, autism and executive dysfunction, which bring heavy burdens to families, society and health systems.In this paper, the neurological development characteristics, neurological development assessment methods and early intervention measures of premature infants are systematically reviewed, so as to provide basis for clinical early and accurate identification of premature infants with neurological damage and individualized early intervention training for different premature infants, thereby improving the prognosis of premature infants.
关键词
早产儿 /
神经发育 /
神经发育评估 /
早期干预
Key words
premature infants /
neurological development /
neurological development assessment /
early intervention
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基金
武汉大学医学腾飞计划(TFLC2018001)
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