目的 了解青少年的实际体重、感知体重并分析其与自尊水平的关系,为青少年的身心健康发展提供参考依据。方法 随机整群抽取山东省某两所中学的1 534名青少年为研究对象,采用自行编制的一般资料问卷及自尊量表对青少年进行调查,并测量青少年的身高体重。用Kappa检验、t检验、方差分析以及多重线性回归分析对数据进行统计分析。结果 9.1%的青少年消瘦,12.7%的青少年超重,10.1%的青少年肥胖。青少年实际体重水平与其感知体重水平之间缺乏一致性(Kappa=0.325,P<0.001)。实际体型为肥胖组的青少年仅有19.4%的人正确地评估了自身的体重状况,正确率低于其它三组的青少年(P<0.001)。41.3%的青少年存在体重认知偏差。男生、独生子女、家庭经济状况好,自评学习成绩好对青少年自尊水平起正向作用(P<0.01);青少年的感知体重水平,而非实际体重水平与自尊状况密切相关,感知体重水平为肥胖的青少年,其自尊水平较低(P<0.001)。结论 青少年实际体型和感知体型之间缺乏一致性,青少年的感知体重,而非实际体重与自尊水平关系密切。学校和家长应可以考虑从青少年对自身肥胖的感知方面着手,提高青少年的自尊水平,帮助其健康快乐地成长。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the actual weight, perceived weight among adolescents, and to analyze its relationship with self-esteem, thus to provide reference for the development of mental and physical health. Methods A total of 1 534 adolescents from two middle schools in Shandong province were randomly selected as participants.A self-designed general information questionnaire and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used to survey the adolescents, and their height and weight of the adolescents were also measured.Kappa test, t test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The detection rates of wasting, overweight and obesity of adolescents in this study were 9.1%, 12.7%, and 10.1%, respectively.There was a lack of consistency between the actual weight status of adolescents and their perceived weight status (Kappa=0.325, P＜0.001).Only 19.4% of obese adolescents correctly assessed their weight status, which were lower than the other three groups (P<0.001).And 41.3% of adolescents misidentified their actual weight status.Boys, the only child, good family economic condition and perceived school performance had positive effect on the youth self-esteem level (P<0.01).The perceived weight of adolescents, rather than the actual weight, was closely related to self-esteem.Adolescents with perceived obesity had lower self-esteem (P<0.001). Conclusions There is a lack of consistency between adolescents' actual weight status and their perceived weight status.Adolescents' perceived weight, rather than actual weight, is closely related to self-esteem.Schools and parents should consider how adolescents perceive their own obesity to improve their self-esteem and help them grow healthily and happily.
关键词
青少年 /
实际体重 /
感知体重 /
自尊
Key words
adolescents /
actual weight /
perceived weight /
self-esteem
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