目的 分析不同年龄段儿童功能性构音障碍的临床特征,为其干预治疗提供依据和参考。方法 将153例患儿分为4岁、5岁、6~9岁组,对其进行语音评估及治疗,分析错误特点及治疗效果。结果 4岁、5岁、6~9岁组患儿辅音错误平均个数分别为9.3、7.8、6.5个。舌尖后音错误率最高为90.8%;舌尖中音化及舌尖前音化错误常见,错误率分别为74.5%和46.4%;替代、歪曲及省略的错误率分别为98.0%、62.7%、7.2%。不同年龄间患儿功能性构音障碍程度,唇音、唇齿音、舌尖中音、舌根音、舌尖前音的发音错误,以及对舌面音化、塞音化、塞擦音化、不送气化和省略错误比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 构音障碍程度受年龄影响,且年龄的增长有利于改善辅音发音,但多数错误发音特点和治愈率不受年龄影响。儿童存在构音问题时,无论年龄大小都应及时就医诊治。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of functional articulation disorders in children at different age stages,so as to provide evidence and reference for intervention and treatment. Methods Totally 153 children were enrolled in this study and were divided into 4-year-old group,5-year-old group and 6- to 9-year-old group.Specific tests and treatment were carried out to analyze the error patterns and curative effect. Results The average numbers of consonant errors in 4-year-old group,5-year-old group and 6- to 9-year-old group were 9.3,7.8 and 6.5 units,respectively.The highest error rate was palatal consonant,about 90.8%.The commonest errors were pronouncing as retroflex and dental consonant,with error rates about 74.5% and 46.4%,respectively.The error rates of substitution,distortion and omission were 98.0%,62.7% and 7.2%,respectively.The degree of disorder,the pronunciation errors of labial,labiodental,retroflex,velar,and dental consonants,as well as the errors of pronouncing as inalveolar,plosive,affricate,unaspirated consonants and omission were significantly different among different age groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Age has an influence on the degree of articulation disorder.With the increasing of age,the pronunciation of most consonants improved,but most of the error patterns and curative effect are not affected.When developing the problem of functional articulation disorders,children should be treated as soon as possible regardless of age.