目的 分析兰州市2000-2018年5岁以下儿童营养性疾病患病情况,探讨可能影响因素,对未来制定儿童保健政策提供依据。方法 收集2000-2018年兰州市妇幼卫生年报资料,通过SPSS 20.0软件经χ2检验、趋势χ2检验、Spearman相关检验对数据进行分析,运用动态数列描述结果。结果 2000-2018年兰州市5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良平均患病率为2.57%,且呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=159.200,P＜0.05),城区县区差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.205,P＞0.05)。2014-2018年兰州市5岁以下儿童平均低体重率(1.65%)、生长迟缓率(0.69%)、超重率(2.21%)和肥胖率(0.05%)均呈下降趋势(P＜0.05)。新生儿访视、7岁以下儿童保健覆盖、3岁以下儿童系统管理、6个月以内母乳喂养以及6个月以内纯母乳喂养都与5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良的发生呈负相关(r=-0.712,-0.663,-0.784,-0.750,-0.909,P＜0.05)。结论 兰州市5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良率呈下降趋势,城区县区间的差距逐渐缩小。目前兰州市出现城区儿童以超重肥胖为主、县区儿童以低体重、生长迟缓的营养性疾病的双重负担,但其患病率在全国范围处于较低水平,应继续加强儿童保健工作,积极开展健康教育,促进儿童健康成长。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the prevalence of nutritional diseases in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from 2000 to 2018, and to explore the possible influencing factors. Methods Data of maternal and child health annual report in Lanzhou from 2000 to 2018 were collected, and the results were described by dynamic series through Chi-square and trend Chi-square test and Spearman correlation test with SPSS 20.0 software. Results From 2000 to 2018, the prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou was 2.57%, showing a downward trend (χ2trend=159.200, P<0.05).There was no significant difference between urban areas and counties (χ2=0.205, P > 0.05).The low weight rate (1.65%), growth retardation rate (0.69%), overweight rate (2.21%) and obesity rate (0.05%) of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2018(P<0.05).Neonatal visit, healthcare coverage for children under 7 years old, systematic management for children under 3 years old, breastfeeding within 6 months old and exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months old were all negatively correlated with the occurrence of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years old (r=-0.712,-0.663,-0.784,-0.750,-0.909,P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of moderate and severe malnutrition of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou is decreasing, and the gap between cities and counties is gradually narrowing.At present, there is a double burden of overweight and obesity in urban children and low weight growth retardation in suburban children in Lanzhou, but the prevalence is at a low level in the whole country.Thus it is supposed to strengthen children's health care, actively carry out health education and promote children's healthy growth.
关键词
儿童营养不良 /
营养性疾病 /
生长迟缓 /
肥胖
Key words
child malnutrition /
nutritional disease /
growth retardation /
obesity
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 聂磊, 刘晓敏, 朴顺姬, 等.儿童膳食营养分析平台的设计[J].广东蚕业, 2017, 51(8):33-34.
[2] 于冬梅, 房红芸, 许晓丽, 等.中国2013年0～5岁学龄前儿童营养不良状况分析[J].中国公共卫生, 2019, 35(10):1339-1344.
[3] 穆亚宁, 刘克礼, 汤淑斌, 等.宝鸡市区7~18岁儿童青少年生长发育及营养状况调查分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(6):680-683.
[4] 黄俊美.婴儿早期喂养方式对12月龄内婴儿生长发育的影响[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2017.
[5] 方积乾, 徐勇勇, 陈峰, 等.卫生统计学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社:2015:51.
[6] 国务院.《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)》[EB/OL].国家统计局:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201811/t20181109_1632517.html
[7] Campisi S, Cherian A, Bhutta Z.World perspective on the epidemiology of stunting between 1990 and 2015[J].Home Res Pediatr, 2017, 88 (1):70-78.
[8] Cunningham K, Headey D, Singh A, et al.Maternal and Child Nutrition in Nepal:Examining drivers of progress from the mid-1990s to 2010s[J].Glob Food Secur, 2017, 13:30-37.
[9] World Health Organization.Obesity and overweight[R/OL].http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.2017.
[10] deOnis M, Blossner M, Borghi E.Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2010, 92:1257-1264.
[11] 洪莉, 刘云曼, 周路路, 等.儿童青少年肥胖的医学营养治疗与HCH管理模式[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(2):120-122, 127.
[12] Arumugam M, Raws J, Pelletier E, et al.Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome [J], Nature, 2011, 473 (734):174-180.
[13] 季成叶, 陶芳标, 武丽杰, 等.儿童少年卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:136
[14] 李盼, 张天成, 张福兰.永州市农村留守与非留守儿童营养状况及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学, 2019, 46(15):2735-2739, 2752.
[15] 国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司;国家发展和改革委员会社会发展司.国家基本公共服务统计指标[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2018:221.
[16] 王宏萍.学龄前儿童营养状况对儿童生长发育的影响研究[J].中国妇幼保健, 2017, 32(24):6206-6207.
[17] 方俊群, 罗家有, 廖凯, 等.湖南省贫困农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况分析[J].卫生研究, 2016, 45(6):921-926.
[18] 毛萌.我国儿童营养与生长发育面临的挑战[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(9):929-931, 976.
[19] 单文婕, 张云婷, 林青敏, 等.中国八省市城乡婴幼儿早期发展现状研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(4):362-365, 373.
[20] Faye CM,Fonn S, Levin J, et al.Analysing child linear growth trajectories among under-5 children in two Nairobi informal settlements[J].Public Health Nutr, 2019, 22(11):2001-2011.
[21] 房玥晖, 何宇纳, 杨月欣.中国6～17岁儿童青少年膳食纤维摄入状况[J].营养学报, 2019, 41(4):316-320.
[22] 张梦涵, 赵桂兰, 张婷婷, 等.青岛市城区学龄前儿童体格发育及肥胖发生变化分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(3):340-342.
[23] Park SH,Shin JW,Kim SH, et al.Positive changes in blood lipid profiles, nutrition knowledge, and dietary taurine intake after 8-week nutrition education program in low-income Korean children[J].Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019, 1155:273-282.
[24] 孙娜, 思广慧, 郭亚收, 等.学龄期儿童肥胖现况及影响因素分析[J].蚌埠医学院学报, 2019, 44(1):74-75, 80.
PDF(532 KB)
